Daijie Deng , Honghui Zhang , Jianchun Wu , Xing Tang , Min Ling , Sihua Dong , Li Xu , Henan Li , Huaming Li
{"title":"Electronic structure and spin state regulation of vanadium nitride via a sulfur doping strategy toward flexible zinc-air batteries","authors":"Daijie Deng , Honghui Zhang , Jianchun Wu , Xing Tang , Min Ling , Sihua Dong , Li Xu , Henan Li , Huaming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jechem.2023.10.024","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Owing to the distinctive structural characteristics, vanadium nitride (VN) is highly regarded as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc-air batteries (ZABs). However, VN exhibits limited intrinsic ORR activity due to the weak adsorption ability to O-containing species. Here, the S-doped VN anchored on N, S-doped multi-dimensional carbon (S-VN/Co/NS-MC) was constructed using the solvothermal and in-situ doping methods. Incorporating sulfur atoms into VN species alters the electron spin state of vanadium in the S-VN/Co/NS-MC for regulating the adsorption energy of vanadium sites to oxygen molecules. The introduced sulfur atoms polarize the V 3<em>d<sub>z</sub></em><sup>2</sup> electrons, shifting spin-down electrons closer to the Fermi level in the S-VN/Co/NS-MC. Consequently, the introduction of sulfur atoms into VN species enhances the adsorption energy of vanadium sites for oxygen molecules. The *OOH dissociation transitions from being unspontaneous on the VN surface to a spontaneous state on the S-doped VN surface. Then, the ORR barrier on the S-VN/Co/NS-MC surface is reduced. The S-VN/Co/NS-MC demonstrates a higher half-wave potential and limiting current density compared to the VN/Co/N-MC. The S-VN/Co/NS-MC-based liquid ZABs display a power density of 195.7 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>, a specific capacity of 815.7 mA h g<sup>−1</sup>, and a cycling stability exceeding 250 h. The S-VN/Co/NS-MC-based flexible ZABs are successfully employed to charge both a smart watch and a mobile phone. This approach holds promise for advancing the commercial utilization of VN-based catalysts in ZABs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":67498,"journal":{"name":"能源化学","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 239-249"},"PeriodicalIF":14.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"能源化学","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095495623005922","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, APPLIED","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Owing to the distinctive structural characteristics, vanadium nitride (VN) is highly regarded as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc-air batteries (ZABs). However, VN exhibits limited intrinsic ORR activity due to the weak adsorption ability to O-containing species. Here, the S-doped VN anchored on N, S-doped multi-dimensional carbon (S-VN/Co/NS-MC) was constructed using the solvothermal and in-situ doping methods. Incorporating sulfur atoms into VN species alters the electron spin state of vanadium in the S-VN/Co/NS-MC for regulating the adsorption energy of vanadium sites to oxygen molecules. The introduced sulfur atoms polarize the V 3dz2 electrons, shifting spin-down electrons closer to the Fermi level in the S-VN/Co/NS-MC. Consequently, the introduction of sulfur atoms into VN species enhances the adsorption energy of vanadium sites for oxygen molecules. The *OOH dissociation transitions from being unspontaneous on the VN surface to a spontaneous state on the S-doped VN surface. Then, the ORR barrier on the S-VN/Co/NS-MC surface is reduced. The S-VN/Co/NS-MC demonstrates a higher half-wave potential and limiting current density compared to the VN/Co/N-MC. The S-VN/Co/NS-MC-based liquid ZABs display a power density of 195.7 mW cm−2, a specific capacity of 815.7 mA h g−1, and a cycling stability exceeding 250 h. The S-VN/Co/NS-MC-based flexible ZABs are successfully employed to charge both a smart watch and a mobile phone. This approach holds promise for advancing the commercial utilization of VN-based catalysts in ZABs.
氮化钒(VN)由于其独特的结构特点,被广泛认为是锌-空气电池(ZABs)中氧还原反应(ORR)的催化剂。然而,由于VN对含o物质的吸附能力较弱,其固有的ORR活性有限。本文采用溶剂热掺杂和原位掺杂的方法,构建了锚定在N, s掺杂多维碳上的s掺杂VN (S-VN/Co/NS-MC)。将硫原子加入到VN中,改变了钒在S-VN/Co/NS-MC中的电子自旋状态,从而调节了钒位点对氧分子的吸附能。引入的硫原子使V 3dz2电子极化,使S-VN/Co/NS-MC中的自旋向下电子向费米能级移动。因此,在VN中引入硫原子提高了钒位点对氧分子的吸附能。在s掺杂的VN表面上,*OOH的解离从非自发状态转变为自发状态。然后,S-VN/Co/NS-MC表面的ORR势垒减小。与VN/Co/N-MC相比,S-VN/Co/NS-MC具有更高的半波电位和极限电流密度。基于S-VN/Co/ ns - mc的柔性ZABs的功率密度为195.7 mW cm - 2,比容量为815.7 mA h g - 1,循环稳定性超过250 h。基于S-VN/Co/ ns - mc的柔性ZABs已成功用于智能手表和手机充电。这种方法有望推进vn基催化剂在ZABs中的商业应用。