Expanding the framework of rhetorical circulation: an approach to online symbolic accretion through the rhizomorph

IF 1.3 2区 文学 Q2 COMMUNICATION
Luis Miguel López-Londoño
{"title":"Expanding the framework of rhetorical circulation: an approach to online symbolic accretion through the rhizomorph","authors":"Luis Miguel López-Londoño","doi":"10.1080/00335630.2023.2266003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTOn October 18, 2019, members of the Colombian Army covered a highly visible mural with white paint. The mural depicted the Army’s active and retired generals who are allegedly responsible for extrajudicial executions committed by their subordinates in the 2000s. The Army’s efforts failed; in attempting to make the mural invisible, the Army ensured the mural’s visibility through online circulation. In this article, I describe the rhizomatic emergence of the image in the digital space through different forms and articulations as a challenge to the Army’s intention to screen out a narrative in the physical landscape. I argue that the circulation of the image and its transformations into remixes and other visual representations constitutes an instance of online symbolic accretion. I propose the theoretical concept of rhizomorph, understood as a digital image event that transforms as it moves through a digitally mediated environment to provide an alternative conception of a particular event.KEYWORDS: Rhizomorphonline symbolic accretioncirculationimage eventextrajudicial executions AcknowledgementI would like to express my deepest appreciation and gratitude to Dr. Roger Aden for his insightful suggestions and invaluable contributions to this study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Amanda C. Waterhouse, “Colombia’s National Protests Show that Infrastructure, Too, Is Politics,” Nacla, December 3, 2019, https://nacla.org/news/2019/12/03/colombia-national-protests-infrastructure-politics-dilan-cruz.2 Christina Noriega, “Colombians Decry Censorship After Government Officials Paint Over Mural about Extrajudicial Killings,” Hyperallergic, October 24, 2019, https://hyperallergic.com/524685/colombians-decry-censorship-after-government-officials-paint-over-mural-about-extrajudicial-killings/.3 Michael Taussig, I swear I Saw This: Drawings in Fieldwork Notebooks, Namely My Own (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2011), 3.4 #MilitaryCensorsMural, #CampaignForTheTruth, #SOSAgainstCensorship and #TheMuralTheyDoNotWantYouToSee. Spanish to English translations in this manuscript were made by the author.5 The Mothers of the False Positives of Bogotá and Soacha (MAFAPO) and the National Movement of Victims of State Crimes (Movice).6 Owen J. Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” Social & Cultural Geography 5, no. 3 (2004): 420.7 Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987), 3–25.8 Stephen H. Browne, “Reading Public Memory in Daniel Webster’s Plymouth Rock Oration,” Western Journal of Communication 57, no. 4 (1993): 466.9 Yvonne Whelan, “The Construction and Destruction of a Colonial Landscape: Monuments to British Monarchs in Dublin Before and After Independence,” Journal of Historical Geography 28, no. 4 (2002): 509.10 Whelan, “The Construction and Destruction of a Colonial Landscape,” 508.11 Derek H. Alderman, “Street Names and the Scaling of Memory: The Politics of Commemorating Martin Luther King, Jr within the African American Community,” Area 35, no. 2 (2003): 145.12 Caitlin F. Bruce, Painting Publics: Transnational Legal Graffiti Scenes as Spaces for Encounter (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2019), 3–7.13 Bruce, Painting Publics, 3.14 The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia is a guerrilla organization founded in 1964 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party. In the 1980s, it had become the most powerful military and narco-trafficking illegal group in the country, responsible for widespread violence and systematic violation of human rights. After four years of negotiations, FARC signed a peace agreement with the Colombian government in 2016.15 Benjamin Forest, Juliet Johnson, and Karen Till, “Post-Totalitarian National Identity: Public Memory in Germany and Russia,” Social & Cultural Geography 5, no. 3 (2004): 358.16 Stephen Legg, “Sites of Counter-Memory: The Refusal to Forget and the Nationalist Struggle in Colonial Delhi,” Historical Geography 33 (2005): 180–201.17 Hamzah Muzaini, “The Afterlives and Memory Politics of the Ipoh Cenotaph in Perak, Malaysia,” Geoforum 54 (2014): 144.18 Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” 431.19 Derek H. Alderman, “Surrogation and the Politics of Remembering Slavery in Savannah, Georgia (USA),” Journal of Historical Geography 36, no. 1 (2010): 94.20 Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” 425.21 Rosalind Hampton, “By All Appearances: Thoughts on Colonialism, Visuality and Racial Neoliberalism,” Cultural Studies 33, no. 3 (2019): 384.22 Bruce, Painting Publics, 4.23 Cara A. Finnegan and Jiyeon Kang, “‘Sighting’ the Public: Iconoclasm and Public Sphere Theory,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 90, no. 4 (2004): 377–402.24 Robert Hariman and John Louis Lucaites, “Public Identity and Collective Memory in U.S. Iconic Photography: The Image of ‘Accidental Napalm,’” Critical Studies in Media Communication 20, no. 1 (2003): 37–8.25 Bruno Latour, “How to Be Iconophilic in Art, Science, and Religion?,” in Iconoclash: Beyond the Image Wars in Science, Religion and Art, ed. Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2002), 421.26 Brian T. Edwards, “Tahrir: Ends of Circulation,” Public Culture 23, no. 3 (2011): 493–504.27 Jenny Edbauer, “Unframing Models of Public Distribution: From Rhetorical Situation to Rhetorical Ecologies,” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 35, no. 4 (2005): 9.28 Catherine Chaput, “Rhetorical Circulation in Late Capitalism: Neoliberalism and the Overdetermination on Affective Energy,” Philosophy and Rhetoric 43, no. 1 (2010): 1–25.29 Benjamin Lee and Edward LiPuma, “Cultures of Circulation: The Imaginations of Modernity,” Public Culture 14, no. 1 (2002): 192.30 Laurie E. Gries, Still Life with Rhetoric: A New Materialist Approach for Visual Rhetorics (Denver: University Press of Colorado, 2015), 14.31 Lester C. Olson, “Pictorial Representations of British America Resisting Rape: Rhetorical Recirculation of a Print Series Portraying the Boston Port Bill of 1774,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 12, no. 1 (2009): 3.32 Olson, “Pictorial Representations of British America Resisting Rape,” 3.33 Christa J. Olson, Constitutive Visions: Indigeneity and Commonplaces of National Identity in Republican Ecuador (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014), 1–24.34 Olson, Constitutive Visions, 10.35 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 3–25.36 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 21.37 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 21.38 John W. Delicath and Kevin Michael DeLuca, “Image Events, the Public Sphere, and Argumentative Practice: The Case of Radical Environmental Groups,” Argumentation 17, no. 3 (2003): 315.39 Delicath and DeLuca, “Image Events,” 321–9.40 Delicath and DeLuca, “Image Events,” 321.41 Delicath and DeLuca, “Image Events,” 328.42 Hariman and Lucaites, “Public Identity and Collective Memory,” 41.43 The National Liberation Army (ELN) was founded in 1964 as a pro-Cuban guerrilla, anti-imperialist organization, with roots in the Colombian student movement of the 1960s and the principles of liberation theology. The Popular Liberation Army (EPL) was created in 1967 as a pro-Maoist organization also with roots in the labor union and the public university student movements. The 19th of April Movement (M-19) began as an urban guerrilla organization comprised of middle-class youths founded as a response to the alleged electoral fraud in the presidential elections of 1970. See Jorge O. Melo, Historia Mínima de Colombia (Bogotá: Turner Publicaciones, 2017).44 Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, Sala de Reconocimiento de Verdad, de Responsabilidad y de Determinación de los Hechos y Conductas, Caso 003, Muertes Ilegítimamente Presentadas como Bajas en Combate por Agentes del Estado, AUTO No. 005 de 2018 (Bogotá, 2018), 1–10, https://relatoria.jep.gov.co/documentos/providencias/1/1/Auto_SRVR-005_17-julio-2018.pdf.45 Deaths Illegitimately Presented as Combat Casualties by State Agents.46 “La JEP hace pública la estrategia de priorización dentro del Caso 03, conocido como el de falsos positivos,” Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, February 18, 2021, https://www.jep.gov.co/Sala-de-Prensa/Paginas/La-JEP-hace-p%C3%BAblica-la-estrategia-de-priorizaci%C3%B3n-dentro-del-Caso-03,-conocido-como-el-de-falsos-positivos.aspx.47 “General Henry Torres Escalante acepta su responsabilidad en los falsos positivos en Casanare: ‘Asumo con vergüenza el título de máximo responsable,’” Semana, September 19, 2023, https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/urgente-asumo-con-verguenza-el-titulo-de-maximo-responsable-general-henry-torres-escalante-acepta-responsabilidad-en-falsos-positivos-en-casanare/202344/.48 “JEP imputa crímenes de guerra y lesa humanidad al general (r) Mario Montoya y ocho militares más por 130 ‘falsos positivos’ en el oriente antioqueño”, JEP, August 30, 2023, https://www.jep.gov.co/Sala-de-Prensa/Paginas/jep-imputa-crimenes-de-guerra-y-lesa-humanidad-al-general-r-mario-montoya-y-ocho-militares-mas-por-130-falsos-positivos-en-.aspx.49 Forest, Johnson, and Till, “Post-Totalitarian National Identity,” 358.50 Alderman, “Street Names and the Scaling of Memory,” 165.51 Hariman and Lucaites, “Public Identity and Collective Memory,” 41.52 Gries, Still Life with Rhetoric, 19.53 “On Their Watch: Evidence of Senior Army Officers’ Responsibility for False Positive Killings in Colombia,” Human Rights Watch, June 24, 2015, https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/06/24/their-watch/evidence-senior-army-officers-responsibility-false-positive-killings.54 “Uribe dice que desaparecidos de Soacha murieron en combate,” Espectador, October 7, 2008, https://www.elespectador.com/judicial/uribe-dice-que-desaparecidos-de-soacha-murieron-en-combates-article-42410/.55 Jerónimo Ríos Sierra and Jaime Zapata García, “Democratic Security Policy in Colombia: Approaches to an Enemy-Centric Counterinsurgency Model,” Revista de Humanidades 36 (2019): 141.56 Forest, Johnson, and Till, “Post-Totalitarian National Identity,” 358.57 Legg, “Sites of Counter-Memory,” 181–2.58 “Tutela de generales, nuevo capítulo de mural sobre ‘falsos positivos,’” Tiempo, October 30, 2019, https://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/investigacion/tutelas-por-mural-de-falsos-positivos-y-respuesta-del-movice-429000.59 Paul Connerton, “Seven Types of Forgetting,” Memory Studies 1, no. 1 (2008): 60.60 Lee and LiPuma, “Cultures of Circulation,” 192.61 “Juez ordena retirar imagen de ‘¿quién dio la orden?’ sobre los falsos positivos,” Espectador, February 25, 2020, https://www.elespectador.com/colombia/mas-regiones/juez-ordena-retirar-imagen-de-quien-dio-la-orden-sobre-los-falsos-positivos-article-906397/.62 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 21.63 Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” 425.64 Connerton, “Seven Types of Forgetting,” 60–2.65 Edbauer, “Unframing Models,” 20.66 Olson, “Pictorial Representations,” 3.67 Olson, Constitutive Visions, 10–12.68 “Montoya habría dicho que soldados cometieron ‘falsos positivos’ porque eran de estratos 1 y 2,” Espectador, February 13, 2020, https://www.elespectador.com/colombia-20/jep-y-desaparecidos/montoya-habria-dicho-que-soldados-cometieron-falsos-positivos-porque-eran-de-estratos-1-y-2-article/.69 In Colombia’s socioeconomic stratification system, people who belong to strata 1 and 2 are the ones with the lowest incomes.70 Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, Caso 003, Muertes Ilegítimamente Presentadas, 6.71 Greg Dickinson, Carole Blair, and Brian L. Ott, Places of Public Memory: The Rhetoric of Museums and Memorials (Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 2010), 5.72 Gries, Still Life with Rhetoric, 14.73 Browne, “Reading Public Memory,” 472.74 Gries, Still Life with Rhetoric, 18–19.75 Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” 420–6.76 Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, “La JEP hace pública la estrategia.”77 Final Report of the Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence and Non-Repetition, https://www.comisiondelaverdad.co/etiquetas/informe-final-de-la-comision.78 Nuala C. Johnson, “The Contours of Memory in Post-Conflict Societies: Enacting Public Remembrance of the Bomb in Omagh, Northern Ireland,” Cultural Geographies 19, no. 2 (2012): 253.79 Courtney E. Cole, “Commemorating Mass Violence: Truth Commission Hearings as a Genre of Public Memory,” Southern Communication Journal 83, no. 3 (2018): 164.80 Monica Coibanu, “Criminalising the Past and Reconstructing Collective Memory: The Romanian Truth Commission,” Europe–Asia Studies 61, no. 2 (2009): 334.","PeriodicalId":51545,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Journal of Speech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Quarterly Journal of Speech","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00335630.2023.2266003","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"COMMUNICATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACTOn October 18, 2019, members of the Colombian Army covered a highly visible mural with white paint. The mural depicted the Army’s active and retired generals who are allegedly responsible for extrajudicial executions committed by their subordinates in the 2000s. The Army’s efforts failed; in attempting to make the mural invisible, the Army ensured the mural’s visibility through online circulation. In this article, I describe the rhizomatic emergence of the image in the digital space through different forms and articulations as a challenge to the Army’s intention to screen out a narrative in the physical landscape. I argue that the circulation of the image and its transformations into remixes and other visual representations constitutes an instance of online symbolic accretion. I propose the theoretical concept of rhizomorph, understood as a digital image event that transforms as it moves through a digitally mediated environment to provide an alternative conception of a particular event.KEYWORDS: Rhizomorphonline symbolic accretioncirculationimage eventextrajudicial executions AcknowledgementI would like to express my deepest appreciation and gratitude to Dr. Roger Aden for his insightful suggestions and invaluable contributions to this study.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.Notes1 Amanda C. Waterhouse, “Colombia’s National Protests Show that Infrastructure, Too, Is Politics,” Nacla, December 3, 2019, https://nacla.org/news/2019/12/03/colombia-national-protests-infrastructure-politics-dilan-cruz.2 Christina Noriega, “Colombians Decry Censorship After Government Officials Paint Over Mural about Extrajudicial Killings,” Hyperallergic, October 24, 2019, https://hyperallergic.com/524685/colombians-decry-censorship-after-government-officials-paint-over-mural-about-extrajudicial-killings/.3 Michael Taussig, I swear I Saw This: Drawings in Fieldwork Notebooks, Namely My Own (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2011), 3.4 #MilitaryCensorsMural, #CampaignForTheTruth, #SOSAgainstCensorship and #TheMuralTheyDoNotWantYouToSee. Spanish to English translations in this manuscript were made by the author.5 The Mothers of the False Positives of Bogotá and Soacha (MAFAPO) and the National Movement of Victims of State Crimes (Movice).6 Owen J. Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” Social & Cultural Geography 5, no. 3 (2004): 420.7 Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987), 3–25.8 Stephen H. Browne, “Reading Public Memory in Daniel Webster’s Plymouth Rock Oration,” Western Journal of Communication 57, no. 4 (1993): 466.9 Yvonne Whelan, “The Construction and Destruction of a Colonial Landscape: Monuments to British Monarchs in Dublin Before and After Independence,” Journal of Historical Geography 28, no. 4 (2002): 509.10 Whelan, “The Construction and Destruction of a Colonial Landscape,” 508.11 Derek H. Alderman, “Street Names and the Scaling of Memory: The Politics of Commemorating Martin Luther King, Jr within the African American Community,” Area 35, no. 2 (2003): 145.12 Caitlin F. Bruce, Painting Publics: Transnational Legal Graffiti Scenes as Spaces for Encounter (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2019), 3–7.13 Bruce, Painting Publics, 3.14 The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia is a guerrilla organization founded in 1964 as the military wing of the Colombian Communist Party. In the 1980s, it had become the most powerful military and narco-trafficking illegal group in the country, responsible for widespread violence and systematic violation of human rights. After four years of negotiations, FARC signed a peace agreement with the Colombian government in 2016.15 Benjamin Forest, Juliet Johnson, and Karen Till, “Post-Totalitarian National Identity: Public Memory in Germany and Russia,” Social & Cultural Geography 5, no. 3 (2004): 358.16 Stephen Legg, “Sites of Counter-Memory: The Refusal to Forget and the Nationalist Struggle in Colonial Delhi,” Historical Geography 33 (2005): 180–201.17 Hamzah Muzaini, “The Afterlives and Memory Politics of the Ipoh Cenotaph in Perak, Malaysia,” Geoforum 54 (2014): 144.18 Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” 431.19 Derek H. Alderman, “Surrogation and the Politics of Remembering Slavery in Savannah, Georgia (USA),” Journal of Historical Geography 36, no. 1 (2010): 94.20 Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” 425.21 Rosalind Hampton, “By All Appearances: Thoughts on Colonialism, Visuality and Racial Neoliberalism,” Cultural Studies 33, no. 3 (2019): 384.22 Bruce, Painting Publics, 4.23 Cara A. Finnegan and Jiyeon Kang, “‘Sighting’ the Public: Iconoclasm and Public Sphere Theory,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 90, no. 4 (2004): 377–402.24 Robert Hariman and John Louis Lucaites, “Public Identity and Collective Memory in U.S. Iconic Photography: The Image of ‘Accidental Napalm,’” Critical Studies in Media Communication 20, no. 1 (2003): 37–8.25 Bruno Latour, “How to Be Iconophilic in Art, Science, and Religion?,” in Iconoclash: Beyond the Image Wars in Science, Religion and Art, ed. Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2002), 421.26 Brian T. Edwards, “Tahrir: Ends of Circulation,” Public Culture 23, no. 3 (2011): 493–504.27 Jenny Edbauer, “Unframing Models of Public Distribution: From Rhetorical Situation to Rhetorical Ecologies,” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 35, no. 4 (2005): 9.28 Catherine Chaput, “Rhetorical Circulation in Late Capitalism: Neoliberalism and the Overdetermination on Affective Energy,” Philosophy and Rhetoric 43, no. 1 (2010): 1–25.29 Benjamin Lee and Edward LiPuma, “Cultures of Circulation: The Imaginations of Modernity,” Public Culture 14, no. 1 (2002): 192.30 Laurie E. Gries, Still Life with Rhetoric: A New Materialist Approach for Visual Rhetorics (Denver: University Press of Colorado, 2015), 14.31 Lester C. Olson, “Pictorial Representations of British America Resisting Rape: Rhetorical Recirculation of a Print Series Portraying the Boston Port Bill of 1774,” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 12, no. 1 (2009): 3.32 Olson, “Pictorial Representations of British America Resisting Rape,” 3.33 Christa J. Olson, Constitutive Visions: Indigeneity and Commonplaces of National Identity in Republican Ecuador (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014), 1–24.34 Olson, Constitutive Visions, 10.35 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 3–25.36 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 21.37 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 21.38 John W. Delicath and Kevin Michael DeLuca, “Image Events, the Public Sphere, and Argumentative Practice: The Case of Radical Environmental Groups,” Argumentation 17, no. 3 (2003): 315.39 Delicath and DeLuca, “Image Events,” 321–9.40 Delicath and DeLuca, “Image Events,” 321.41 Delicath and DeLuca, “Image Events,” 328.42 Hariman and Lucaites, “Public Identity and Collective Memory,” 41.43 The National Liberation Army (ELN) was founded in 1964 as a pro-Cuban guerrilla, anti-imperialist organization, with roots in the Colombian student movement of the 1960s and the principles of liberation theology. The Popular Liberation Army (EPL) was created in 1967 as a pro-Maoist organization also with roots in the labor union and the public university student movements. The 19th of April Movement (M-19) began as an urban guerrilla organization comprised of middle-class youths founded as a response to the alleged electoral fraud in the presidential elections of 1970. See Jorge O. Melo, Historia Mínima de Colombia (Bogotá: Turner Publicaciones, 2017).44 Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, Sala de Reconocimiento de Verdad, de Responsabilidad y de Determinación de los Hechos y Conductas, Caso 003, Muertes Ilegítimamente Presentadas como Bajas en Combate por Agentes del Estado, AUTO No. 005 de 2018 (Bogotá, 2018), 1–10, https://relatoria.jep.gov.co/documentos/providencias/1/1/Auto_SRVR-005_17-julio-2018.pdf.45 Deaths Illegitimately Presented as Combat Casualties by State Agents.46 “La JEP hace pública la estrategia de priorización dentro del Caso 03, conocido como el de falsos positivos,” Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, February 18, 2021, https://www.jep.gov.co/Sala-de-Prensa/Paginas/La-JEP-hace-p%C3%BAblica-la-estrategia-de-priorizaci%C3%B3n-dentro-del-Caso-03,-conocido-como-el-de-falsos-positivos.aspx.47 “General Henry Torres Escalante acepta su responsabilidad en los falsos positivos en Casanare: ‘Asumo con vergüenza el título de máximo responsable,’” Semana, September 19, 2023, https://www.semana.com/nacion/articulo/urgente-asumo-con-verguenza-el-titulo-de-maximo-responsable-general-henry-torres-escalante-acepta-responsabilidad-en-falsos-positivos-en-casanare/202344/.48 “JEP imputa crímenes de guerra y lesa humanidad al general (r) Mario Montoya y ocho militares más por 130 ‘falsos positivos’ en el oriente antioqueño”, JEP, August 30, 2023, https://www.jep.gov.co/Sala-de-Prensa/Paginas/jep-imputa-crimenes-de-guerra-y-lesa-humanidad-al-general-r-mario-montoya-y-ocho-militares-mas-por-130-falsos-positivos-en-.aspx.49 Forest, Johnson, and Till, “Post-Totalitarian National Identity,” 358.50 Alderman, “Street Names and the Scaling of Memory,” 165.51 Hariman and Lucaites, “Public Identity and Collective Memory,” 41.52 Gries, Still Life with Rhetoric, 19.53 “On Their Watch: Evidence of Senior Army Officers’ Responsibility for False Positive Killings in Colombia,” Human Rights Watch, June 24, 2015, https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/06/24/their-watch/evidence-senior-army-officers-responsibility-false-positive-killings.54 “Uribe dice que desaparecidos de Soacha murieron en combate,” Espectador, October 7, 2008, https://www.elespectador.com/judicial/uribe-dice-que-desaparecidos-de-soacha-murieron-en-combates-article-42410/.55 Jerónimo Ríos Sierra and Jaime Zapata García, “Democratic Security Policy in Colombia: Approaches to an Enemy-Centric Counterinsurgency Model,” Revista de Humanidades 36 (2019): 141.56 Forest, Johnson, and Till, “Post-Totalitarian National Identity,” 358.57 Legg, “Sites of Counter-Memory,” 181–2.58 “Tutela de generales, nuevo capítulo de mural sobre ‘falsos positivos,’” Tiempo, October 30, 2019, https://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/investigacion/tutelas-por-mural-de-falsos-positivos-y-respuesta-del-movice-429000.59 Paul Connerton, “Seven Types of Forgetting,” Memory Studies 1, no. 1 (2008): 60.60 Lee and LiPuma, “Cultures of Circulation,” 192.61 “Juez ordena retirar imagen de ‘¿quién dio la orden?’ sobre los falsos positivos,” Espectador, February 25, 2020, https://www.elespectador.com/colombia/mas-regiones/juez-ordena-retirar-imagen-de-quien-dio-la-orden-sobre-los-falsos-positivos-article-906397/.62 Deleuze and Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, 21.63 Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” 425.64 Connerton, “Seven Types of Forgetting,” 60–2.65 Edbauer, “Unframing Models,” 20.66 Olson, “Pictorial Representations,” 3.67 Olson, Constitutive Visions, 10–12.68 “Montoya habría dicho que soldados cometieron ‘falsos positivos’ porque eran de estratos 1 y 2,” Espectador, February 13, 2020, https://www.elespectador.com/colombia-20/jep-y-desaparecidos/montoya-habria-dicho-que-soldados-cometieron-falsos-positivos-porque-eran-de-estratos-1-y-2-article/.69 In Colombia’s socioeconomic stratification system, people who belong to strata 1 and 2 are the ones with the lowest incomes.70 Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, Caso 003, Muertes Ilegítimamente Presentadas, 6.71 Greg Dickinson, Carole Blair, and Brian L. Ott, Places of Public Memory: The Rhetoric of Museums and Memorials (Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 2010), 5.72 Gries, Still Life with Rhetoric, 14.73 Browne, “Reading Public Memory,” 472.74 Gries, Still Life with Rhetoric, 18–19.75 Dwyer, “Symbolic Accretion and Commemoration,” 420–6.76 Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, “La JEP hace pública la estrategia.”77 Final Report of the Commission for the Clarification of Truth, Coexistence and Non-Repetition, https://www.comisiondelaverdad.co/etiquetas/informe-final-de-la-comision.78 Nuala C. Johnson, “The Contours of Memory in Post-Conflict Societies: Enacting Public Remembrance of the Bomb in Omagh, Northern Ireland,” Cultural Geographies 19, no. 2 (2012): 253.79 Courtney E. Cole, “Commemorating Mass Violence: Truth Commission Hearings as a Genre of Public Memory,” Southern Communication Journal 83, no. 3 (2018): 164.80 Monica Coibanu, “Criminalising the Past and Reconstructing Collective Memory: The Romanian Truth Commission,” Europe–Asia Studies 61, no. 2 (2009): 334.
扩展修辞循环的框架:一种通过根状体的网络符号增长方法
2019年10月18日,哥伦比亚军队成员用白色油漆覆盖了一幅非常显眼的壁画。这幅壁画描绘了军队的现役和退役将军,据称他们对2000年代下属的法外处决负有责任。军队的努力失败了;为了使壁画隐形,陆军通过在线流通确保了壁画的可见性。在本文中,我通过不同的形式和表达方式描述了数字空间中图像的根茎状出现,这是对陆军在物理景观中筛选叙事的意图的挑战。我认为,图像的循环及其转换为混音和其他视觉表现构成了在线符号增长的一个实例。我提出了根状形态的理论概念,将其理解为一种数字图像事件,当它在数字媒介环境中移动时,它会发生变化,从而为特定事件提供另一种概念。关键词:根状植物在线符号增生循环图像事件法外处决感谢Roger Aden博士对本研究提出的深刻建议和宝贵贡献。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1 Amanda C. Waterhouse:《哥伦比亚全国抗议活动表明,基础设施也是政治》,《Nacla》2019年12月3日https://nacla.org/news/2019/12/03/colombia-national-protests-infrastructure-politics-dilan-cruz.2, Christina Noriega:“政府官员在有关法外处决的壁画上作画后,哥伦比亚人谴责审查制度。”超过敏,2019年10月24日,https://hyperallergic.com/524685/colombians-decry-censorship-after-government-officials-paint-over-mural-about-extrajudicial-killings/.3 Michael Taussig,我发誓我看到了这个:田野工作笔记本中的绘画,即我自己的(芝加哥:芝加哥大学出版社,2011),3.4 #军事审查,#运动真相,#SOSAgainstCensorship和# themural他们不希望你看到。这份手稿中的西班牙语到英语的翻译是由作者完成的5 .波哥大<e:1>和索阿察假阳性母亲组织(MAFAPO)和国家犯罪受害者全国运动(Movice)欧文·j·德怀尔:《象征性的增长与纪念》,《社会与文化地理》第5期,第5期。3 (2004): 420.7 Gilles Deleuze和Felix Guattari,一千个高原:资本主义和精神分裂症(明尼阿波利斯:明尼苏达大学出版社,1987),3 - 25.8 Stephen H. Browne,“解读丹尼尔韦伯斯特的普利茅斯摇滚演讲中的公众记忆”,《西方传播杂志》第57期。韦兰,“殖民景观的建设与破坏:独立前后英国君主在都柏林的纪念碑”,《历史地理学报》第28期,第46 - 46页。4(2002): 509.10惠兰,“殖民景观的建设和破坏”,508.11德里克·h·奥尔德曼,“街道名称和记忆的尺度:纪念马丁·路德·金在非裔美国人社区中的政治,”区域35,第509.10期。2 (2003): 145.12 Caitlin F. Bruce, Painting Publics:跨国法律涂鸦场景作为相遇的空间(费城:天普大学出版社,2019),3-7.13 Bruce, Painting Publics, 3.14哥伦比亚革命武装力量是一个成立于1964年的游击队组织,是哥伦比亚共产党的军事分支。在1980年代,它已成为该国最强大的军事和贩毒非法集团,对广泛的暴力和有计划的侵犯人权负有责任。经过四年的谈判,哥伦比亚革命武装力量于2016年与哥伦比亚政府签署了和平协议。15本杰明·福里斯特、朱丽叶·约翰逊和凯伦·蒂尔,《后极权主义国家认同:德国和俄罗斯的公共记忆》,《社会与文化地理》第5期,第5期。Stephen Legg,“反记忆遗址:拒绝遗忘和殖民德里的民族主义斗争”,历史地理33 (2005):180-201.17 Hamzah Muzaini,“马来西亚Perak怡保纪念碑的后世和记忆政治”,地理论坛54 (2014):144.18 Dwyer,“象征性的增加和纪念”,431.19 Derek H. Alderman,“代理和纪念萨凡纳奴隶制的政治”,历史地理学报36(2004):358.16。1 (2010): 94.20 Dwyer,“象征性的增加和纪念”,425.21 Rosalind Hampton,“通过所有表象:对殖民主义、视觉性和种族新自由主义的思考”,《文化研究》第33期,第94.20页。3 (2019): 384.22 Bruce, Painting Publics, 4.23 Cara A. Finnegan和Jiyeon Kang,“‘Sighting’Public: Iconoclasm and Public Sphere Theory”,《语言学报》第90期。[24]李国强,“美国的公共认同与集体记忆”,《社会科学》第4期 55 Jerónimo Ríos Sierra和Jaime Zapata García,“哥伦比亚的民主安全政策:以敌人为中心的平叛模式”,《人道主义评论》36 (2019):141.56 Forest, Johnson和Till,“后极权主义的国家认同”,358.57 Legg,“反记忆的场所”,181-2.58“Tutela de generales, nuevo capítulo de壁画sobre“falsos positivos”,《时代周刊》,2019年10月30日,https://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/investigacion/tutelas-por-mural-de-falsos-positivos-y-respuesta-del-movice-429000.59 Paul Connerton,“七种类型的遗忘”,记忆研究1,no. 1。李、李普玛:《文化的循环》,《文化的循环》,1961,《文化的循环》,第1期,第6期。《观察家》,2020年2月25日,https://www.elespectador.com/colombia/mas-regiones/juez-ordena-retirar-imagen-de-quien-dio-la-orden-sobre-los-falsos-positivos-article-906397/.62德拉兹和瓜塔里,《千高原》,21.63德怀尔,《象征性的积累和纪念》,425.64康纳顿,《七种遗忘》,60-2.65埃德鲍尔,《解构模型》,20.66奥尔森,《图画的再现》,3.67 Olson, Constitutive Visions, 10-12.68“Montoya habría dicho que soldados cometieron ' falsos positivos ' porque eran de eststratos 1 y 2”,《观察家》,2020年2月13日,https://www.elespectador.com/colombia-20/jep-y-desaparecidos/montoya-habria-dicho-que-soldados-cometieron-falsos-positivos-porque-eran-de-estratos-1-y-2-article/.69在哥伦比亚的社会经济分层体系中,属于第1和第2阶层的人是收入最低的人Jurisdicción特别para la Paz, Caso 003, Muertes Ilegítimamente Presentadas, 6.71格雷格·迪金森,卡罗尔·布莱尔和布莱恩·l·奥特,公共记忆场所:博物馆和纪念馆的修辞(塔斯卡卢萨:阿拉巴马大学出版社,2010),5.72 Gries,静物与修辞,14.73布朗,“阅读公共记忆,”472.74 Gries,静物与修辞,18-19.75 Dwyer,“象征性的积累和纪念,”420-6.76 Jurisdicción特别para la Paz,“la JEP有pública la战略。77澄清真相、共存和不重复委员会的最终报告,https://www.comisiondelaverdad.co/etiquetas/informe-final-de-la-comision.78 Nuala C. Johnson,“冲突后社会的记忆轮廓:制定北爱尔兰奥马炸弹的公众纪念”,《文化地理》第19期。考特尼·e·科尔,“纪念大规模暴力:真相委员会听证会作为一种公共记忆类型”,《南方传播》第83期,2012。张丽娟,“历史的犯罪化与集体记忆的重构:罗马尼亚真相委员会”,《中国历史研究》,第6期(2018):164.80。2(2009): 334。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
36.40%
发文量
39
期刊介绍: The Quarterly Journal of Speech (QJS) publishes articles and book reviews of interest to those who take a rhetorical perspective on the texts, discourses, and cultural practices by which public beliefs and identities are constituted, empowered, and enacted. Rhetorical scholarship now cuts across many different intellectual, disciplinary, and political vectors, and QJS seeks to honor and address the interanimating effects of such differences. No single project, whether modern or postmodern in its orientation, or local, national, or global in its scope, can suffice as the sole locus of rhetorical practice, knowledge and understanding.
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