THE USE OF PREBIOTICS BASED ON OLIGO- AND DISACCHARIDES IN POULTRY FARMING — a mini review

Abstract

, oligofructose, inulin), mannooligosaccharides from Saccharomyces cerevisae , soy oligosaccharides and galacto-or transgalactooligosaccharides (D. Charalampopoulos et al., 2009). Lactulose, a synthetic structural isomer of lactose ( 4-O- -D- galactopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose) consists of fructose and galactose linked by a  -1,4-glycoside bond. It is an odorless white crystalline substance highly soluble in water. Synthetic disaccharides are 1.5 times sweeter than lactose and can crystallize from an alcoholic solution. β -Glycoside bonds in disaccharides are not hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes (H. Rutloff et al., 1967). Therefore, disaccharides pass through the stomach and small intestine without degradation and, being unchanged, reach the large intestine (L.N. Skvortsova, 2010). In addition, lactulose has the highest index of prebiotic activity. It stimulates lacto-and bifidobacteria in the large intestine, promotes the restoration of normal microbial profile, declines pH in the colon, inhibits conditionally pathogenic microbes, improves the absorption of nutrients, and increases immunity (V.S. Buyarov et al., 2012; V.S. Buyarov et al., 2015). Commercial feed additives based on oligo-and disaccharides as a prebiotic component may contain various substances, including trehalose, lactulose, and inulin. All of them have restorative, immunostimulating, therapeutic and prophylactic properties, contribute to the restoration of intestinal microbial community, change the final microbial products, and prevent the occurrence of inflammation and infectious diseases (C. Schu-mann, 2002; K.M. Tuohy et al., 2002; J.H. Cho et al., 2014).