{"title":"Simulating equity in intermittent water supply using pressure sustaining valve in EPANET 2.2","authors":"Bini Kiron, Ram Kailash Prasad","doi":"10.1080/1573062x.2023.2263426","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTIntermittent water supply (IWS) system refers to a system of water supply that delivers water to consumers for a fixed period (2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, etc.), which is less than 24 hours a day. Literature shows that the issue of inequity has been a major concern in IWS. In this study, an attempt has been made to simulate a new way of operation of IWS by including volume of nodal demand, such that, the flow becomes uncontrolled volume-driven pressure dependent. The novel methodology presented makes use of a pressure sustaining valve (PSV), which rearranges the flow within the network, thus improving the equity in IWS. Further, the study aims to quantify the equity in IWS by formulating two different approaches: uncontrolled pressure-dependent analysis (UC-PDA) and uncontrolled volume-driven pressure-dependent analysis (UC-VDPDA). Both approaches have been applied to three different water distribution networks. Results show that UC-VDPDA provides a more equitable supply in terms of getting a fair share of water to the consumers.KEYWORDS: Intermittent water supplyuncontrolled pressure-dependent analysisuncontrolled volume-driven pressure-dependent analysiswater distribution networksequity Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementSome or all data, models or codes that support the findings of the study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Important Notation AP=Artificial pipeAR=Artificial reservoirAT=Artificial tankCV=Check valveDDA=Demand-driven analysisDN=Demand nodeFN=Fictitious nodeIWS=Intermittent water supplyPDA=Pressure-dependent analysisPSV=Pressure-sustaining valveQj=Demand at node jQjavai=Actual available outflow at node jQjreq=Required demand at node jSN=Source nodeUC-PDA=Uncontrolled pressure-dependent analysisUC-VDPDA=Uncontrolled volume-driven pressure-dependent analysisVDA=Volume-driven analysis","PeriodicalId":49392,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Urban Water Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2023.2263426","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"WATER RESOURCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
ABSTRACTIntermittent water supply (IWS) system refers to a system of water supply that delivers water to consumers for a fixed period (2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, etc.), which is less than 24 hours a day. Literature shows that the issue of inequity has been a major concern in IWS. In this study, an attempt has been made to simulate a new way of operation of IWS by including volume of nodal demand, such that, the flow becomes uncontrolled volume-driven pressure dependent. The novel methodology presented makes use of a pressure sustaining valve (PSV), which rearranges the flow within the network, thus improving the equity in IWS. Further, the study aims to quantify the equity in IWS by formulating two different approaches: uncontrolled pressure-dependent analysis (UC-PDA) and uncontrolled volume-driven pressure-dependent analysis (UC-VDPDA). Both approaches have been applied to three different water distribution networks. Results show that UC-VDPDA provides a more equitable supply in terms of getting a fair share of water to the consumers.KEYWORDS: Intermittent water supplyuncontrolled pressure-dependent analysisuncontrolled volume-driven pressure-dependent analysiswater distribution networksequity Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementSome or all data, models or codes that support the findings of the study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Important Notation AP=Artificial pipeAR=Artificial reservoirAT=Artificial tankCV=Check valveDDA=Demand-driven analysisDN=Demand nodeFN=Fictitious nodeIWS=Intermittent water supplyPDA=Pressure-dependent analysisPSV=Pressure-sustaining valveQj=Demand at node jQjavai=Actual available outflow at node jQjreq=Required demand at node jSN=Source nodeUC-PDA=Uncontrolled pressure-dependent analysisUC-VDPDA=Uncontrolled volume-driven pressure-dependent analysisVDA=Volume-driven analysis
期刊介绍:
Urban Water Journal provides a forum for the research and professional communities dealing with water systems in the urban environment, directly contributing to the furtherance of sustainable development. Particular emphasis is placed on the analysis of interrelationships and interactions between the individual water systems, urban water bodies and the wider environment. The Journal encourages the adoption of an integrated approach, and system''s thinking to solve the numerous problems associated with sustainable urban water management.
Urban Water Journal focuses on the water-related infrastructure in the city: namely potable water supply, treatment and distribution; wastewater collection, treatment and management, and environmental return; storm drainage and urban flood management. Specific topics of interest include:
network design, optimisation, management, operation and rehabilitation;
novel treatment processes for water and wastewater, resource recovery, treatment plant design and optimisation as well as treatment plants as part of the integrated urban water system;
demand management and water efficiency, water recycling and source control;
stormwater management, urban flood risk quantification and management;
monitoring, utilisation and management of urban water bodies including groundwater;
water-sensitive planning and design (including analysis of interactions of the urban water cycle with city planning and green infrastructure);
resilience of the urban water system, long term scenarios to manage uncertainty, system stress testing;
data needs, smart metering and sensors, advanced data analytics for knowledge discovery, quantification and management of uncertainty, smart technologies for urban water systems;
decision-support and informatic tools;...