Stem cell therapy in sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review

Abstract

Abstract Background Damage to the inner ear or cochlear nerve results in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which is typically persistent deafness. SNHL can range in severity from mild to profound. The shape of the audiogram is used to categorise it as high-frequency hearing loss, low-frequency, flat, peaked, or notched. Pure tone audiometry can be used to diagnose SNHL. Objective To summarise the recent updates in the usage of stem cells in sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods Published studies about using stem cell therapy in ENT practice through comprehensive PubMed, EKG, and Google Scholar search (from 2010 to 2022). Including studies in English, experimental studies, and studies that discuss the application of regenerative medicine in SNHL. Results Progenitor stem cells may be employed to repair damaged cells and restore sensorineural hearing function, according to 36 of the publications. The majority of these articles—about 90%—discussed animal model-based experimental investigations; the remaining 10% were clinical trials. Conclusion The application of stem cells in the treatment of SNHL will be a significant step in the future since it will change the way that patients are now treated in the hopes of regaining their hearing. The application to the clinical setting is still in its early stage, although a number of encouraging researches illustrate how progenitor stem cells differentiate into sensorineural cells.