From the Editor

IF 0.5 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY
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Starting with a discussion of historical artifacts and the critical role they play in museum displays and public memory, Edwin E. Breeden examines the origins of a broadsheet detailing an 1852 slave auction in the southern port city of Charleston, South Carolina that touted the sale of a \"Gang of 25 Sea Island Cotton and Rice Negroes\" (4). Although Breeden's careful historical analysis leads him to conclude that the document has its origins in an 1892 novel, and not in an actual slave auction, he uses the document's history to explore larger issues regarding \"how Americans have understood … [slavery's] role in their nation's past\" (7). Christine Knauer continues this discussion of the connection between race and memory in the United States with an analysis of the public memory of President Harry S. Truman's decision to sign Executive Order 9981, which was designed to end \"racial segregation in the American military\" \"with a stroke of a pen.\" Knauer highlights how the memory of Executive Order 9981 has often concentrated on Truman's role, how efforts to commemorate the order have changed over the years, and how it was invoked in debates over the inclusion of homosexuals and transgender people in the US military. Most importantly, Knauer's history of Order 9981 shifts the historical focus from Truman's executive decision to the importance of \"African American activism and Black agency\" (42). [End Page 1] George Lewis also probes the intersection between race, citizenship and memory with an examination of the American Legion's efforts to create a history textbook for every school in the United States that would advance its program of Americanization and \"100% Americanism.\" He demonstrates the central role that the burgeoning school system played in the United States after World War I, arguing that public schools offered the American Legion \"a useful tool with which to shape the collective memory\" of the American past in order \"to understand Americanism in the present\" (80). He thus underscores the extent to which third-sector organizations like the American Legion often view school curricula as a critical means for forging collective memory and national consciousness. Shifting the focus from the United States to the United Kingdom, Richard Millington investigates another central issue in contemporary culture and politics: the role of statues and memorials in the urban landscape and public memory. Focusing on the statue of William Huskisson, a Member of Parliament for Liverpool who \"opposed the abolition of slavery\" but was primarily remembered for his death in a train accident in 1830, Millington discusses the curious case of his statue which was torn down in 1982 by local activists as a symbol of Liverpool's involvement in the slave trade and then subsequently reinstated about a mile away, with a plaque that \"makes no mention of slavery\" (128). In doing so, Millington points to the persistent \"conflict … at the heart of British cultural memory of slavery\" (135). Laurence Gouriévidis addresses many of the themes raised by the other contributors by exploring the efforts to commemorate the memory of Irish and Scottish famine migrants in contemporary Glasgow. Gouriévidis argues that debates over the creation of the Irish and Highland Famine Memorial and the Tower of Silence reflect the extent to which contemporary social divides—in this case between Irish Catholics and Scottish Protestants—often turn to the past for meaning and validation. 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引用次数: 0

Abstract

From the Editor Scott Ury This issue of History and Memory highlights ongoing, at times heated, debates regarding the central role that race, racism and migration play in the history, nature and fate of a number of contemporary societies. Indeed, few topics are as volatile today as those related to race, belonging and citizenship. In light of these discussions, the different articles in this issue regarding the history of slavery in the United States, efforts to desegregate the US army, the American Legion's aspirations to shape historical education, and the memory of slavery and migration in the United Kingdom will be of interest not only to students and scholars of historical memory but also to researchers of race and racism, as well as those working on ethnicity and migration. Starting with a discussion of historical artifacts and the critical role they play in museum displays and public memory, Edwin E. Breeden examines the origins of a broadsheet detailing an 1852 slave auction in the southern port city of Charleston, South Carolina that touted the sale of a "Gang of 25 Sea Island Cotton and Rice Negroes" (4). Although Breeden's careful historical analysis leads him to conclude that the document has its origins in an 1892 novel, and not in an actual slave auction, he uses the document's history to explore larger issues regarding "how Americans have understood … [slavery's] role in their nation's past" (7). Christine Knauer continues this discussion of the connection between race and memory in the United States with an analysis of the public memory of President Harry S. Truman's decision to sign Executive Order 9981, which was designed to end "racial segregation in the American military" "with a stroke of a pen." Knauer highlights how the memory of Executive Order 9981 has often concentrated on Truman's role, how efforts to commemorate the order have changed over the years, and how it was invoked in debates over the inclusion of homosexuals and transgender people in the US military. Most importantly, Knauer's history of Order 9981 shifts the historical focus from Truman's executive decision to the importance of "African American activism and Black agency" (42). [End Page 1] George Lewis also probes the intersection between race, citizenship and memory with an examination of the American Legion's efforts to create a history textbook for every school in the United States that would advance its program of Americanization and "100% Americanism." He demonstrates the central role that the burgeoning school system played in the United States after World War I, arguing that public schools offered the American Legion "a useful tool with which to shape the collective memory" of the American past in order "to understand Americanism in the present" (80). He thus underscores the extent to which third-sector organizations like the American Legion often view school curricula as a critical means for forging collective memory and national consciousness. Shifting the focus from the United States to the United Kingdom, Richard Millington investigates another central issue in contemporary culture and politics: the role of statues and memorials in the urban landscape and public memory. Focusing on the statue of William Huskisson, a Member of Parliament for Liverpool who "opposed the abolition of slavery" but was primarily remembered for his death in a train accident in 1830, Millington discusses the curious case of his statue which was torn down in 1982 by local activists as a symbol of Liverpool's involvement in the slave trade and then subsequently reinstated about a mile away, with a plaque that "makes no mention of slavery" (128). In doing so, Millington points to the persistent "conflict … at the heart of British cultural memory of slavery" (135). Laurence Gouriévidis addresses many of the themes raised by the other contributors by exploring the efforts to commemorate the memory of Irish and Scottish famine migrants in contemporary Glasgow. Gouriévidis argues that debates over the creation of the Irish and Highland Famine Memorial and the Tower of Silence reflect the extent to which contemporary social divides—in this case between Irish Catholics and Scottish Protestants—often turn to the past for meaning and validation. As the author...
来自编辑
本期《历史与记忆》突出了关于种族、种族主义和移民在一些当代社会的历史、性质和命运中所起的核心作用的持续的、有时是激烈的辩论。的确,今天很少有话题像种族、归属感和公民权这样不稳定。根据这些讨论,本期关于美国奴隶制历史的不同文章,美国军队废除种族隔离的努力,美国退伍军人协会塑造历史教育的愿望,以及英国奴隶制和移民的记忆,不仅对历史记忆的学生和学者感兴趣,而且对种族和种族主义研究人员也感兴趣,以及那些从事种族和移民工作的人。开始讨论历史文物和博物馆展示他们发挥关键作用和公共内存,埃德温·e·布里登了报纸的起源详细1852奴隶拍卖在南部港口城市查尔斯顿,南卡罗来纳,被出售的“群25海岛棉和大米黑人”(4)。尽管Breeden小心历史分析使他得出这样的结论:文档起源于1892年的小说,而不是一个实际的奴隶拍卖,他利用这份文件的历史来探索更大的问题,如“美国人是如何理解……奴隶制在他们国家过去的角色”(7)。克里斯汀·克诺尔(Christine Knauer)继续讨论美国种族与记忆之间的联系,分析了公众对哈里·s·杜鲁门总统签署9981号行政命令的记忆,该命令旨在“大笔一挥”结束“美国军队中的种族隔离”。Knauer强调了9981号行政命令的记忆通常集中在杜鲁门的角色上,多年来纪念该命令的努力是如何变化的,以及它是如何在关于美国军队中包括同性恋和变性人的辩论中被引用的。最重要的是,Knauer关于9981号命令的历史将历史焦点从杜鲁门的行政决定转移到“非裔美国人行动主义和黑人代理”的重要性上(42)。乔治·刘易斯还探讨了种族、公民身份和记忆之间的交集,考察了美国退伍军人协会为美国所有学校编写历史教科书的努力,以推进其美国化和“100%美国主义”的计划。他论证了第一次世界大战后美国蓬勃发展的学校体系所起的核心作用,认为公立学校为美国退伍军人协会提供了“一个有用的工具,用来塑造美国过去的集体记忆”,以便“理解现在的美国主义”(80)。因此,他强调了像美国退伍军人协会这样的第三部门组织经常将学校课程视为锻造集体记忆和民族意识的关键手段的程度。理查德·米林顿将焦点从美国转移到英国,研究了当代文化和政治的另一个核心问题:雕像和纪念碑在城市景观和公共记忆中的作用。米林顿把重点放在威廉·赫斯基森(William Huskisson)的雕像上,他是利物浦的国会议员,“反对废除奴隶制”,但主要是因为1830年他在火车事故中死亡而被人们记住。他的雕像在1982年被当地激进分子拆除,作为利物浦参与奴隶贸易的象征,随后在大约一英里外被恢复,并竖起一块“没有提到奴隶制”的牌匾(128)。在此过程中,米林顿指出了持续存在的“英国奴隶制文化记忆的核心冲突”(135页)。劳伦斯·古里萨维迪斯探讨了其他作者提出的许多主题,探讨了在当代格拉斯哥纪念爱尔兰和苏格兰饥荒移民的努力。古里萨维迪斯认为,关于创建爱尔兰和高地饥荒纪念馆以及沉默塔的争论反映了当代社会分歧的程度——在这种情况下是爱尔兰天主教徒和苏格兰新教徒之间的分歧——往往转向过去寻求意义和验证。作为作者……
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来源期刊
History & Memory
History & Memory HISTORY-
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
11.10%
发文量
1
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