Integration into diversity theory renewing – once again – assimilation theory

Abstract

Richard Alba has been at the forefront of renewing classical assimilation theory based on empirical data on post-1960s migrants in the US. He focused on the assimilation of migrant groups into the dominant non-Hispanic white majority group. This article − once again − rethinks assimilation theory. I argue that the new demographic reality in majority–minority cities in Europe and North America necessitates a new research direction, entailing the development of a novel theoretical framework and partially new research tools. Not only has the relative size of the majority group decreased, but shifting positions of power are also challenging us to rethink assimilation frameworks. I propose to look at present-day processes of integration and assimilation more as multi-directional. Everyone (including the former majority group) integrates into the ethnically and racially diverse urban context. I outline the contours of a new theoretical framework: Integration into Diversity (ID) Theory. This article focuses on how members of the former majority group integrate into the diverse city context. Based on their diversity attitudes and diversity practices, I analyse how their ID positions relate to socio-economic outcomes, the quality of inter-ethnic relations and feelings of belonging and safety.