Climate Legislation and Legal Relations: Current State and Development Prospects Within the National Security Framework

Abstract

The article is devoted to the scientific and theoretical analysis of the current paradigm of development of national climate legislation and legal relations within the Europeanization framework. The subject of the study is the analysis of international legal norms, national legislation and judicial practice in the aspect of adaptation to climate change. The purpose of the article is to provide a comprehensive, integrated study and analysis of the provisions of legal acts from the standpoint of the formation of climate legal relations in the context of ensuring national security. The chosen goal has led to the setting and solution of such tasks as: a) consideration of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the emergence and formation of climate legal relations; b) study of the current provisions of environmental and legal doctrine with regard to the need for adaptation to climate change; c) outlining the ways to improve and further systematize national climate legislation in the context of European integration and sustainable development. The methodological basis of the study is formed by general scientific and special methods of cognition of legal phenomena: dialectical, historical and legal, formal and logical, systemic and structural, theoretical and prognostic, comparative legal, formal and legal, interpretation of legal provisions, legal modeling, etc. The author examines the peculiarities of the formation of climate legal relations which are closely related to environmental and security legal relations, along with energy, agricultural, etc. It is proved that they are gradually being formed and distinguished into an independent interdisciplinary institution of environmental, energy, agrarian, environmental security law, as well as international and EU law, which is likely to become an independent branch of public law in the future. The article emphasizes that the development and implementation of national climate policy (especially in the context of regulatory and legal support) should be fully based on the fundamental provisions of the EU climate policy. The author considers the issues of judicial protection of climate human rights and humanity in case of non-fulfillment of policy and program documents and non-compliance with international obligations by the State. The problems of compensation for climate damage and the impact of climate change on migration processes (climate migration) are outlined. It is argued that modern climate policy should be built on a cross-sectoral level to ensure the preservation of ecosystems, landscape and biological diversity, accelerate the transition to low-carbon energy saving systems, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, expand the use of renewable energy sources, improve energy efficiency, and increase the adaptive potential of natural resources to climate change.