''Neurodegeneration and Oxidative Stress in Brain Tissues Induced by Tramadol with the Protective Effects of Royal Jelly in Rats''.

Abstract

Tramadol hydrochloride (TH) is an opioid centrally acting analgesic used to treat moderate to severe acute and chronic pains. Therefore, it became the most prescribed opioid worldwide.In this study, we investigated the neurodegenerative disorders of tramadol in brain tissues and the protective role of royal jelly. Twenty male albino rats allocated into four groups: Group 1,served as a control group