Bacteriological assessment of pipe-borne, borehole, and well water sources available to students in Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Etido Udoh Elijah
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Abstract

The provision of clean water, microorganisms-free water is crucial in preventing the transmission of waterborne diseases. This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the bacteriological quality of water sources accessible to students within Nasarawa State University Keffi. Sixteen samples, comprising ten from piped source, three from boreholes, and three from wells, were subjected to bacteriological quality assessment. The total bacterial count was analyzed using the pour plate technique, while the total coliform count and bacteriological index were assessed through the most probable number technique. Among the various water sources examine, pipe-borne water exhibited the lower bacterial contamination with a mean of 0.6×106 CFU/100 mL in contrast to borehole and well water sources, which recorded mean of 1.6×106 and 3.2×106 CFU/100 mL, respectively. Additionally, pipe-borne water demonstrated the lowest mean total coliform count, registering 22 MPN/100 mL. Notably, Notably, the water samples were found to harbor bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter aerogens, and Citrobacter sp. Alarming findings from this study highlight the unsuitability of most water samples for human consumption, as they fail to meet the quality standards established by the World Health Organization. Consequently, it is necessary to implement measures aimed at safeguarding water sources from contamination and curbing the proliferation of diseases. Furthermore, it is pertinent to prioritize adequate treatment of domestic water sources prior to consumption to ensure public health and well-being.
尼日利亚纳萨拉瓦州凯菲纳萨拉瓦州立大学学生可获得的管道、钻孔和井水水源的细菌学评估
提供清洁水、无微生物的水对于预防水媒疾病的传播至关重要。本研究的目的是评估Keffi纳萨拉瓦州立大学学生可获得的水源的细菌质量。对16份样品进行了细菌学质量评价,其中10份来自管道来源,3份来自钻孔,3份来自水井。采用倾板法测定细菌总数,采用最可能数法测定大肠菌群总数和细菌学指标。在所检测的各种水源中,管道水源的细菌污染较低,平均值为0.6×106 CFU/100 mL,而井水井水源的平均值分别为1.6×106和3.2×106 CFU/100 mL。此外,管道水的平均大肠菌群总数最低,为22 MPN/100 mL。值得注意的是,这些水样被发现含有大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、产氧肠杆菌和柠檬酸杆菌等细菌。这项研究的惊人发现强调了大多数水样不适合人类食用,因为它们不符合世界卫生组织制定的质量标准。因此,有必要采取措施,保护水源不受污染,遏制疾病的扩散。此外,在消费之前优先对家庭水源进行适当处理,以确保公众健康和福祉,这是相关的。
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