In the zone: the effects of 2002–2010 upzoning on urban life in New York City

IF 2.4 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
James A. Lian, Arin Khare, Kai Vernooy
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

As policymakers look for solutions to mitigate the growing housing crisis and sustainable urban development, upzoning is becoming an increasingly popular tool. By altering a community's zoning code to allow for denser development, advocates hope to increase housing capacity and affordability. However, upzoning's effects on urban life, which we define as encompassing housing, greenspace, demographics, and transportation, remains unclear. Existing research primarily consists of isolated studies on each of these aspects' relationship with land use. In this study, we develop a holistic path analysis model by joining 2002–2010 lot-level and aggregating them with 2010–2018 tract-level datasets within NYC, investigating the impacts of upzoning on urban life as a whole. Unlike existing research, this model considers the delayed effects of upzoning by longitudinally separating upzoning from the dependent variables to elucidate the correlation of upzoning with different aspects of urban life. An imagery-based approach was used to more accurately measure greenspace, and a complex path analysis using densification as the main intermediate variable with significance thresholds was applied, enabling satisfactory model fit while preserving only significant connections between land-use and urban life. We find a positive correlation between densification and upzoning, through which upzoning is positively associated with increased home values and urban greening. However, no associations are identified between upzoning with rent prices, racial gentrification and transportation patterns. These results suggest that 2002–2010 upzoning in NYC does not fully realize its goals of increasing housing capacity and affordability. The comprehensive analysis of the impact of upzoning on broader aspects of urban life discussed in this study will be beneficial for future policy making and urban planning.
在区域:2002-2010年升级对纽约市城市生活的影响
随着政策制定者寻找缓解日益严重的住房危机和可持续城市发展的解决方案,分区升级正成为一种越来越受欢迎的工具。通过改变一个社区的分区规则,允许更密集的开发,倡导者希望增加住房容量和负担能力。然而,分区升级对城市生活的影响(我们将其定义为住房、绿地、人口和交通)仍不清楚。现有的研究主要是对这些方面与土地利用的关系进行孤立的研究。在本研究中,我们建立了一个整体路径分析模型,将2002-2010年的地块级数据与纽约市2010-2018年的地块级数据集合在一起,从整体上研究分区升级对城市生活的影响。与已有研究不同的是,该模型考虑了分区升级的延迟效应,将分区升级从因变量中纵向分离出来,阐明了分区升级与城市生活各方面的相关性。采用基于图像的方法更精确地测量绿地,并采用复杂路径分析,将密度作为主要的中间变量,采用显著性阈值,使模型拟合满意,同时仅保留土地利用与城市生活之间的重要联系。我们发现密度化与升级区之间存在正相关关系,通过升级区与房屋价值的增加和城市绿化呈正相关。然而,没有发现分区升级与租金价格、种族高档化和交通模式之间的联系。这些结果表明,2002-2010年纽约市的升级区并没有完全实现其增加住房容量和负担能力的目标。本研究中讨论的分区升级对城市生活更广泛方面的影响的综合分析将有助于未来的政策制定和城市规划。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
7.10%
发文量
176
审稿时长
13 weeks
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