Intersexuality: What Primary and Specialized Healthcare Providers Should Know and Do to End Cosmetic and Harmful Medical Practices on Infants and Children Born with Intersex Variations in Tanzania

Switbert Rwechungura Kamazima
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Abstract

The Public Statement by the African Intersex Movement, 2017 extends demands to end discrimination against persons born with intersex variations in Africa through legislative and other means. Comestic, irreversible and harmful medical and clinical procedures infants and children born with intersex variations have been subject to include unconsented and medically unnecessary surgeries, mutilation and sterilization that cause irreversible physical and psychological harm. I demonstrate, Tanzania a signatory to The Human Rights Charter is mandated to follow the same route to ensure persons born with intersex variations live and enjoy the right to quality and equitable health and healthcare available without discrimination. To date, however, it is unclear what measures Tanzanian government has taken to prohibit medically unnecessary surgeries and procedures on infants and children born with intersex variations. Similarly, no enacted law banning harmful medical and clinical variations on infants and children born with intersex variations in this country; suggesting violation of intersex rights is ongoing. Data presented in this paper come from desk research I conducted on intersexuality in Tanzania and beyond. I conclude awareness of intersex conditions is increasing among researchers, persons born with intersex variations, parents/guardians, activists and the media. This increase would come with increasing horror, which may stimulate legal reform. I recommend primary and specialized care providers, and the Tanzania government in particular, ought not to wait for this dishonor to surface — rather should act now to end cosmetic and harmful surgeries and protect vulnerable infants and children born with intersex variations in this country.
中间性:初级和专业医疗服务提供者应该知道和做些什么,以结束对坦桑尼亚出生时具有中间性变异的婴儿和儿童的美容和有害医疗做法
2017年非洲双性人运动的公开声明要求通过立法和其他手段结束对非洲出生时具有双性人变异者的歧视。国内的、不可逆转的和有害的医疗和临床程序对患有双性人变异的婴儿和儿童造成的伤害包括未经同意和医学上不必要的手术、残割和绝育,造成不可逆转的身心伤害。我指出,作为《人权宪章》的签署国,坦桑尼亚的任务是遵循同样的途径,确保天生具有双性人变异的人能够生活并享有不受歧视地获得高质量和公平的健康和保健的权利。然而,迄今为止尚不清楚坦桑尼亚政府采取了哪些措施来禁止对出生时具有双性人变异的婴儿和儿童进行医学上不必要的手术和程序。同样,没有颁布法律禁止对该国出生时具有双性人变异的婴儿和儿童进行有害的医疗和临床变异;这表明对双性人权利的侵犯仍在继续。本文中的数据来自于我在坦桑尼亚和其他地方进行的关于间性的研究。我的结论是,研究人员、天生具有双性人变异的人、父母/监护人、活动家和媒体对双性人状况的认识正在增加。这种增长将伴随着越来越多的恐惧,这可能会刺激法律改革。我建议初级和专业护理提供者,特别是坦桑尼亚政府,不应该等待这种耻辱浮出水面,而应该立即行动起来,结束整容和有害的手术,保护这个国家脆弱的婴儿和出生时就有双性人变异的儿童。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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