Effectiveness of pesticide labels (pictograms and color codes): a cross-sectional study of farmers’ understanding and practices in Lebanon

IF 3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI:10.1080/10807039.2023.2266036

Sara Abou Ibrahim, Reem Naji, Hanaa Zeineldeen, Wissam Ghach

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

AbstractThis study aims to assess the effectiveness of the pesticide labels (pictograms and color codes) and the technical sign-related practices among the farming community in Lebanon. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and October 2022 among 104 farmers from three Lebanese provinces. An Arabic survey (score-based questionnaire) was conducted to evaluate the farmers’ levels of understanding the pesticide labels (pictograms and color codes) and relevant practices to pesticide labels. Spearman correlation and One-Way ANOVA were applied to determine the statistical correlation between farmers’ understanding and practice levels and their significant differences in gender, age, provinces, educational level, and attendance of training programs. Results: It was found that the majority of the participants showed moderate levels of understanding (71.2%) and practices (75%). Spearman’s correlation analysis concluded a weak correlation between the understanding and performance levels (p < 0.05). Comparative analyses showed higher levels of label pictograms’ understanding and label-related practices with a significant difference (p < 0.05) among younger and well-educational farmers. However, training programs significantly enhanced the farmers’ practices only. Incidence of irritations-to-poisoning symptoms was self-reported as consequences of misinterpretations and misuse of pesticides. Conclusion: The study findings highlighted the limited effectiveness of pictograms and color codes in Lebanon and thereby highlighted the necessity of training programs addressing the knowledge of technical signs among farmers.Keywords: Pesticide labelpictogramsunderstandingpracticeslebanon Author contributionsWissam Ghach, and Sara About Ibrahim had contributed to the conceptualization, Manuscript writing, content review, data analysis, result interpretation, and project supervision. Hana Zeineldeen, and Rim Naji had contributed to project administration, recruitment of farmers, data collection, and manuscript proof reading.Disclosure statementThe authors report that there are no competing interests to declare.Additional informationFundingThis study was supported by the Modern University for Business and Science and the Canadian University Dubai.

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农药标签(象形图和颜色代码)的有效性:黎巴嫩农民理解和实践的横断面研究

摘要本研究旨在评估黎巴嫩农业社区中农药标签(象形图和颜色代码)和技术标志相关实践的有效性。方法:在2021年11月至2022年10月期间，对黎巴嫩三个省的104名农民进行了横断面研究。进行了阿拉伯语调查(计分问卷)，以评估农民对农药标签(象形图和颜色代码)和农药标签相关做法的了解程度。采用Spearman相关和单因素方差分析确定农民的理解和实践水平与他们在性别、年龄、省份、教育程度和参加培训计划方面的显著差异之间的统计相关性。结果:大多数参与者的理解水平为中等(71.2%)，实践水平为中等(75%)。Spearman相关分析显示，理解水平与绩效水平呈弱相关(p < 0.05)。对比分析显示，较年轻和受教育程度较高的农民对标签象形图的理解和标签相关的实践水平较高(p < 0.05)。然而，培训项目仅能显著提高农民的实践水平。从刺激到中毒症状的发生率是自我报告的误解和滥用农药的后果。结论:研究结果强调了象形文字和颜色代码在黎巴嫩的有限有效性，从而强调了在农民中解决技术符号知识培训计划的必要性。关键词:农药标签象形图理解实践黎巴嫩作者贡献swissam Ghach和Sara About Ibrahim对概念化，手稿撰写，内容审查，数据分析，结果解释和项目监督做出了贡献。Hana Zeineldeen和Rim Naji为项目管理、农民招募、数据收集和手稿校对做出了贡献。披露声明作者报告无竞争利益需要申报。本研究得到了现代商业与科学大学和加拿大迪拜大学的支持。

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来源期刊

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

2.30%

发文量

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Human and Ecological Risk Assessment provides a resource for professionals researching and assessing environmental hazards to both humans and ecological systems. The editors expect papers published to be original, of sound science, purposeful for risk analysis (assessment, communication, management) and related areas, well written (in English), and a contribution to the scientific literature. The journal''s emphasis is on publication of papers that contribute to improvements in human and ecological health. The journal is an international, fully peer-reviewed publication that publishes eight issues annually. The journal''s scope includes scientific and technical information and critical analysis in the following areas: -Quantitative Risk Assessment- Comparative Risk Assessment- Integrated Human & Ecological Risk Assessment- Risk Assessment Applications to Human & Ecosystems Health- Exposure Assessment- Environmental Fate Assessment- Multi-Media Assessment- Hazard Assessment- Environmental Epidemiology- Statistical Models and Methods- Methods Development/Improvement- Toxicokinetics Modeling- Animal to Human Extrapolation- Risk Perception/Communication- Risk Management- Regulatory Issues