Progression of Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy and Serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) Levels

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is an important complication that develops from diabetes mellitus. The chemotactic cytokine Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) exhibits selective binding and activation of the C-C motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2). MCP-1 has been consistently observed to play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic and diabetic renal disease in clinical settings, regardless of the different stages and phenotypes. The main goal of this study was to assess and contrast the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) in individuals with diabetic nephropathy and those who show healthy state to examine the possibility of the usefulness of MCP-1/CCL2 as a biomarker of prognosis for early identification in patients developing albuminuria. The study involved the study of a sample of ninety patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetic nephropathy, while a control group of thirty individuals was also included for comparison purposes. The study recruited participants requesting from Baghdad and Maysan in Iraq. Urine specimens were obtained to determine the urinary protein concentration. Samples of blood and serum were collected to measure the levels of serum creatinine (s-Cr), fasting plasma glucose (F.P.G.), glycohemoglobin A1c (Hba1c) and serum MCP-1. The results of the statistical analysis indicate that there were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the levels of MCP-1 between the microalbuminuric (stage 2) and macroalbuminuric (stage 3) when compared with the control group and between the stage 2 and stage 3 groups. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that MCP-1 levels may serve as biochemical indicators for disease progression of D.N.