METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL IMAGES IN UAV NAVIGATION SYSTEMS

Abstract

The paper analyzes modern methods of terrain image analysis in UAV navigation systems and presents experimental results of UAV navigation method research based on the use of spatial-spectral portraits of objects in terrain areas. In the conditions of radio-electronic suppression of the UAV navigation system by EW means, there is an urgent need for the development and application of new jam-proof UAV navigation methods. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the method of terrain image analysis in UAV technical vision systems. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were announced in the work: an analysis of the possible use of existing methods and systems of technical vision on UAVs was carried out; the substantiation of the method of image analysis using spatial-spectral terrain portraits in UAV technical vision systems was carried out. The method of calculating the traveled path based on the analysis of the flow of video data coming from the optoelectronic surveillance devices, the method of accurate mapping on the terrain based on the stereo effect that occurs during camera movement, and the method of accurate mapping based on reference photographs are analyzed. In order to improve the efficiency of the UAV technical vision system, it is proposed to use spatial-spectral portraits of objects in areas of the terrain. At the same time, the video frames are compared with embedded spectral portraits of the route sections, in the case of "recognition", the exact coordinates and orientation of the UAV are determined. The application of this method is connected with the need to take into account the impact of lighting changes on the spectral indicators of objects and areas of the terrain. The research examines existing techniques for correcting lighting changes for various cameras in laboratory and field conditions. It is proposed to use experimentally obtained dependencies for specific brands of sensor equipment to carry out corrections for changes in natural lighting. When organizing navigation systems based on spectral portraits of the terrain, it is recommended to use objects and areas with the most stable optical characteristics in relation to changes in lighting.