First Steps to understanding Intrinsic Vulnerability to Contamination of Karst Aquifers in Various South American and Caribbean Countries

IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Rogério Tadeu de Souza, Luiz Eduardo Panisset Travassos, Olga Susana Heredia, Mariana Alicia Paparas, Silvia Alejandra Sicilia, Franco Urbani Patat, Rosa María Valcarce Ortega, Moraima Fernández Rodríguez, Liane Gamboa Corrales, Nathalia Vanessa Uasapud Enríquez, Yameli G. Aguilar Duarte, Francisco Bautista
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Protecting groundwater in karst aquifers is extremely impor­tant. Vulnerability maps can greatly help proper decision mak­ing based on physical environmental attributes that influence how easily a contaminant applied to the land surface can reach groundwater due to anthropogenic activities, and the proper­ties of the contaminants. Methods for determining vulnerabil­ity based on the COST Action 620 Approach, when applied in the study area, may lead to contradictory results. The main purpose of this study is to provide an overview of academic research on intrinsic karst aquifer vulnerability methodologies applied in South American and Caribbean countries. Secondly, it describes studies related to karst aquifers that, in some cases, lack specific information on intrinsic vulnerability. The objec­tive is to encourage and to help develop specific methods for determining karst vulnerability in these regions. To achieve these purposes, a systematic literature review was conducted including studies conducted at institutions such as universities, national water institutes, and by geological services. Several methods have been used in the region such as COP, DRAS­TIC, RISK, EPIK, PI, PaPRIka, and the Slovene Approach. And some attempts have been made to develop a specific methodol­ogy that best suits the specificities of the region’s karst aqui­fers. South America and the Caribbean have almost 5 % of the world´s carbonate rocks. Some countries have large extensions of their territory covered by karst rocks, such as Peru, 15.4 %; Cuba, 67 %; and Mexico 25.29 %. Estimates indicate that more than 10 million people use water from karst systems in Mexico. In Cuba, 33 % of all available water volume originates from groundwater, and 91.51 % from karst aquifers. In Mexico, 13 studies have been conducted on the importance of karst aqui­fers, which mostly address the Yucatan Peninsula, followed by Brazil (9 studies), Cuba (5), Colombia (1) and Peru (1). Infor­mation about the theme is scarce in most of the other countries in the region. Some studies have incongruent results given the regional characteristics of tropical karst.
了解南美洲和加勒比国家喀斯特含水层对污染的内在脆弱性的第一步
保护岩溶含水层的地下水是十分重要的。脆弱性地图可以极大地帮助根据物理环境属性和污染物的性质做出适当的决策,这些属性会影响到由于人为活动而施加到陆地表面的污染物到达地下水的难易程度。基于成本行动620方法确定脆弱性的方法在应用于研究领域时,可能会导致相互矛盾的结果。本研究的主要目的是概述在南美和加勒比国家应用的喀斯特含水层固有脆弱性方法的学术研究。其次,它描述了与喀斯特含水层有关的研究,在某些情况下,缺乏关于内在脆弱性的具体信息。其目的是鼓励和帮助开发确定这些地区喀斯特脆弱性的具体方法。为了达到这些目的,进行了系统的文献综述,包括在大学、国家水研究所和地质服务机构等机构进行的研究。该地区已经使用了几种方法,如COP、dra - tic、RISK、EPIK、PI、PaPRIka和斯洛文尼亚方法。一些人尝试开发一种最适合该地区喀斯特含水层特点的具体方法。南美洲和加勒比地区拥有世界上近5%的碳酸盐岩。有些国家的大片领土被喀斯特岩石覆盖,如秘鲁占15.4%;古巴,67%;墨西哥25.29%。据估计,墨西哥有超过1000万人使用喀斯特系统的水。在古巴,33%的可用水量来自地下水,91.51%来自喀斯特含水层。在墨西哥,对喀斯特含水层的重要性进行了13项研究,主要针对尤卡坦半岛,其次是巴西(9项研究),古巴(5项),哥伦比亚(1项)和秘鲁(1项)。该地区大多数其他国家关于这一主题的信息很少。考虑到热带喀斯特的区域特征,一些研究结果并不一致。
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来源期刊
Acta Carsologica
Acta Carsologica 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
1.50
自引率
14.30%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Karst areas occupy 10-20 % of ice-free land. Dissolution of rock by natural waters has given rise to specific landscape and underground. Karst surface features and caves have attracted man''s curiosity since the dawn of humanity and have been a focus to scientific studies since more than half of millennia. Acta Carsologica publishes original research papers and reviews, letters, essays and reports covering topics related to specific of karst areas. These comprise, but are not limited to karst geology, hydrology, and geomorphology, speleology, hydrogeology, biospeleology and history of karst science.
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