Ants Sleep, Plants do not: The Variation in Species’ Activity Influences the Topology of Interaction Networks

IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q4 ENTOMOLOGY
José Eneas Schramm Júnior, Gabriela S. Oliveira, Tamires B. Santos, Gilberto Marcos de M. Santos
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Abstract

The emergence of graph theory allowed using the complex network approach to aggregate detailed information about interactions between species. Although the use of the complex network approach has improved the understanding about community structuring, few aspects such as the temporal variation in the species’ activity pattern in the networks’ topology were explored so far. The current study used the ecological network approach to investigate ants interacting in the extrafloral nectary (EFN) of plants in order to test the hypothesis that the temporal variation in the foraging behavior of these animals affects the networks’ topology. In order to assess the temporal effect on the interaction networks, 24-hour collections divided in two 12-hour shifts (day and night) were performed in 20 plots, thus totaling 288 collection hours over 6 months. The ant-plant interaction networks presented similarity among the topological metrics assessed throughout the day. Different ant species presented distinct foraging times. Thus, two modules referring to the day and night shifts emerged from the network and presented specific species at each foraging shift. On the other hand, the plants kept on providing the resource (active EFNs) throughout the day. The results found in the current study have shown that ecological networks keep their structures constant; however, the ecological processes ruling these networks can better respond to the effects caused, for example, by the temporal variation in species’ activity. Therefore, it is worth always taking into consideration the importance of ecological processes at the time to analyze interactions in the nature.
蚂蚁睡觉,植物不睡觉:物种活动的变化影响相互作用网络的拓扑结构
图论的出现允许使用复杂的网络方法来收集物种之间相互作用的详细信息。虽然复杂网络方法的使用提高了对群落结构的理解,但迄今为止对物种活动模式在网络拓扑结构中的时间变化等方面的探索很少。本研究采用生态网络的方法研究了蚂蚁在植物花外蜜(EFN)中的相互作用,以验证这些动物觅食行为的时间变化影响网络拓扑结构的假设。为了评估相互作用网络的时间效应,在20个地块进行了24小时收集,分为两个12小时轮班(白天和晚上),因此在6个月内总共收集了288小时。在全天评估的拓扑指标中,抗植物相互作用网络呈现相似性。不同蚁种的觅食时间存在差异。因此,从网络中出现了两个关于白班和夜班的模块,并在每个觅食班次中呈现特定的物种。另一方面,植物在一天中持续提供资源(活性efn)。目前的研究结果表明,生态网络保持其结构不变;然而,控制这些网络的生态过程可以更好地响应由物种活动的时间变化引起的影响。因此,在分析自然界中的相互作用时,值得始终考虑生态过程的重要性。
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来源期刊
Sociobiology
Sociobiology 生物-昆虫学
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
11.10%
发文量
28
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: SOCIOBIOLOGY publishes high quality articles that significantly contribute to the knowledge of Entomology, with emphasis on social insects. Articles previously submitted to other journals are not accepted. SOCIOBIOLOGY publishes original research papers and invited review articles on all aspects related to the biology, evolution and systematics of social and pre-social insects (Ants, Termites, Bees and Wasps). The journal is currently expanding its scope to incorporate the publication of articles dealing with other arthropods that exhibit sociality. Articles may cover a range of subjects such as ecology, ethology, morphology, population genetics, physiology, toxicology, reproduction, sociobiology, caste differentiation as well as economic impact and pest management.
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