Selection of oat (Avena sativa L.) lines with a determined level of manifestation of biological and economic traits

Abstract

Purpose. Selection of breeding genotypes by biological and economic traits (high productivity, resistance to lodging, drought, shedding, and damage by diseases), enriching collections of the species diversity of oat Avena sativa. Methods. selective (hybridization, selection), measuring and weighting (determination of yield and biometrics), mathematical and statistical (assessment of the reliability of experimental data). Results. Lines of oat with a manifestation of certain traits that expand genetic variability, reduce costs for the selection of appropriate parental components and accelerate the breeding process have been identified. In the hybrid nursery, the average percentage of setting seed was 13.9%, ranging from 11.0 to 18.1%. 53.3% of oat offsprings demonstrated resistance to lodging and damage by diseases, uniformity of plants and panicle shape; they were selected for the the use in further selection process. Against a provocative background, the number of oat lines that showed immunity to crown rust was 23 (score 9), high resistantce — 20 (score 8), stable — 26 (score 7), moderately receptive — 29 (score 6), weakly receptive — 20 (score 5), receptive — 42 (score 3–4). Oat lines L445–1791, L399–38, L77–5, L620–13, and L399–38 with distinguishing traits (high manifestation of economic and biological features) were transferred to the National Center of Genetic Resources of Ukraine to enrich trait collection. The average yield of oat seeds was 6.30 t/ha in angiosperm oat and 4.55 t/ha in bareseeded oat. The highest yield was 9.60 t/ha. ‘Dalech’ variety of angiosperm oat was developed and transferred into the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine Siutable for Distribution in the Polissia and Forest Steppe Zones. Conclusion. Oat lines were selected by biological and economic traits and the collection of the species diversity of Avena sativa was enriched.