Targeted drug delivery approaches for the management of tumors

Tumor discovery Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI:10.36922/td.1356
Shashi Kiran Misra, Kamla Pathak
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Abstract

The treatment of tumors requires specific and selective drug delivery approaches capable of efficiently eliminating the root cause of oncogenesis. In this context, targeted drug delivery strategies are the preferred choice due to their exceptional recognition of tumor cell biology and their high transfection efficacy within the tumor microenvironment. The emergence of nanoscale techniques has marked significant milestones in the successful management of various types of tumors. The development of targeted delivery approaches for tumor therapeutics has gained momentum over the past few decades. However, in contrast to the plethora of successful pre-clinical studies, only a limited number of passively targeted nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use, and none of the actively targeted nanocarriers have advanced beyond clinical trials. This review delves into the major molecular principles associated with tumorigenesis, including active targeting, passive targeting, and cell-mediated targeting. It also explores the biological barriers (systemic, biological, and cellular) encountered in tumor drug delivery. Moreover, the review examines various tumor-targeted drug delivery systems that have been developed over the past decade. These systems encompass polymeric nanoparticles (micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and polyplexes), lipid-based carriers (solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsion), vesicular systems (liposomes, niosomes, aquasomes, and phytosomes), and inorganic nanocarriers (iron oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon-based nanoparticles, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles), all designed for the alleviation of tumors.
肿瘤治疗的靶向给药方法
肿瘤的治疗需要特异性和选择性的药物输送方法,能够有效地消除肿瘤发生的根本原因。在这种情况下,靶向给药策略由于其对肿瘤细胞生物学的特殊识别和在肿瘤微环境中的高转染效率而成为首选。纳米技术的出现标志着各种类型肿瘤成功管理的重要里程碑。在过去的几十年里,肿瘤治疗的靶向递送方法的发展势头强劲。然而,与大量成功的临床前研究相比,只有有限数量的被动靶向纳米载体被批准用于临床应用,而没有一个主动靶向纳米载体已经超越了临床试验。本文综述了与肿瘤发生相关的主要分子原理,包括主动靶向、被动靶向和细胞介导靶向。它还探讨了肿瘤药物输送中遇到的生物障碍(系统的、生物的和细胞的)。此外,本综述还研究了过去十年中开发的各种肿瘤靶向药物输送系统。这些系统包括聚合纳米颗粒(胶束、纳米颗粒、树突和多聚体)、脂质载体(固体脂质纳米颗粒、纳米结构脂质载体、纳米乳液)、囊泡系统(脂质体、乳质体、水质体和磷脂质体)和无机纳米载体(氧化铁纳米颗粒、量子点、碳基纳米颗粒和介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒),所有这些都是为缓解肿瘤而设计的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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