Transformation of National Archetypes in the New Socio-Cultural Code of the Epoch in the Novels by M. Sholokhov and I. Babel of the 1920s

Abstract

The problem of interaction of different cultures in the modern world is very acute. It is connected not only with the multicultural space of Russia. Any country in the world is forced to solve a difficult task: how to ensure the most prosperous and fruitful coexistence and cooperation of representatives of different nationalities within the borders of the state and the national language. Culture and literature solve a similar problem. Interest in the “multicultural field” of Russian literature began to be actively formed in the XIX century, but it reached its maximum point of development in the 1920s at the “breaking of epochs”, at the time of the formation of a new socio-cultural code of the era. In the literature of the post-revolutionary years, there was active work not only on the formation of a new worldview, but also on the creation of a new social and international culture, using the most understandable and meaningful markers of this culture for the readership, i.e. a new code of the era, significantly different from its predecessor. In the article we will consider how dramatically one of the key archetypes of national consciousness (the image of a mother woman) has changed under the influence of new social relations and how this phenomenon has been reflected in the prose of Sholokhov and Babel.