Bone Mineral Density and Its Determinants: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies

Q3 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-30 DOI:10.13005/bpj/2758

Latifa Nabeel Alsaad, Juman Ahmed Abdulameer, Ethel Aputerebuno Akolaa, Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil, Jayadevan Sreedharan

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Abstract

Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measurement of the amount of minerals, primarily calcium and phosphorus, in bone tissue. Factors that can affect BMD include age, gender, genetics, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions. As people age, the density of their bones starts to decline gradually. Due to hormonal changes during menopause, the chance of developing osteoporosis among women is very high. Genetics also play a role in BMD, with some individuals having a higher genetic predisposition to osteoporosis and lower BMD. Physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking are some factors associated with BMD. Regular exercise is a protective factor, whereas other two smoking and excessive alcohol are risk factors. It is important to monitor BMD throughout life to identify any potential health concerns and take steps to prevent bone loss. A healthy lifestyle is an important factor that will help maintain sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake and take medication or supplements as directed by a healthcare professional. Regular physical activity such as walking and running can help promote bone health and maintain BMD.

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骨矿物质密度及其决定因素:危险因素和预防策略的系统综述

骨密度(BMD)是骨组织中矿物质(主要是钙和磷)含量的测量。影响骨密度的因素包括年龄、性别、遗传、生活方式因素和医疗条件。随着人们年龄的增长，他们的骨骼密度开始逐渐下降。由于更年期荷尔蒙的变化，女性患骨质疏松症的几率非常高。遗传也在骨密度中起作用，一些人有较高的骨质疏松症遗传倾向和较低的骨密度。体育活动、饮酒和吸烟是与骨密度相关的一些因素。有规律的运动是保护因素，而另外两个吸烟和过度饮酒是危险因素。在一生中监测骨密度以发现任何潜在的健康问题并采取措施防止骨质流失是很重要的。健康的生活方式是一个重要的因素，它将有助于保持足够的钙和维生素D摄入量，并在医疗保健专业人员的指导下服用药物或补充剂。有规律的身体活动，如散步和跑步可以帮助促进骨骼健康和维持骨密度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmacology

CiteScore

1.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

189

期刊介绍： Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal (BPJ) is an International Peer Reviewed Research Journal in English language whose frequency is quarterly. The journal seeks to promote research, exchange of scientific information, consideration of regulatory mechanisms that affect drug development and utilization, and medical education. BPJ take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation and support. Research papers, review articles, short communications, news are welcomed provided they demonstrate new findings of relevance to the field as a whole. All articles will be peer-reviewed and will find a place in Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal based on the merit and innovativeness of the research work. BPJ hopes that Researchers, Research scholars, Academician, Industrialists etc. would make use of this journal for the development of science and technology. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: Biochemistry Genetics Microbiology and virology Molecular, cellular and cancer biology Neurosciences Pharmacology Drug Discovery Cardiovascular Pharmacology Neuropharmacology Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms Immunology & Inflammation Pharmacy.