An investigation of phase change induced Marangoni-dominated flow patterns using the Constrained Vapor Bubble data from ISS experiments

Unmeelan Chakrabarti, Ayaaz Yasin, Kishan Bellur, Jeffrey S. Allen
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Abstract

Kinetic models of liquid-vapor phase change often implicitly assume that the interface is in equilibrium. This equilibrium assumption can be justified for large flat interfaces far from the source of thermal energy, but it breaks down when the liquid surface is near a solid wall, or there is significant interface curvature. The Constrained Vapor Bubble (CVB) experiments conducted on the International Space Station (ISS) provide a unique opportunity to probe this common assumption and also provide unique data and insight into phase change-driven flow physics. The CVB experiment consists of a quartz cuvette partially filled with pentane such that a vapor bubble is formed at the center. The setup is heated and cooled at opposite ends, resulting in simultaneous evaporation and condensation. CVB data from the NASA Physical Science Informatics (PSI) database was used to reconstruct the entire 3D interface shape using interferometric image analysis and obtain an estimate of the net heat input to the bubble. The reconstructed interface shape is used to develop a liquid-only CFD model embedded with a custom-built “active surface” method that sets a variable interfacial temperature/phase change flux boundary condition. Phase change flux varies in both the axial and transverse directions, leading to a small (∼1 K) but discernible temperature variation along the liquid-vapor interface. The positive phase change flux near the heater end (denoting evaporation) gradually reduces and becomes negative near the cooler end (denoting condensation), resulting in an axial bulk flow of liquid from the cold to the hot end. There is also a higher flux in the thin film as opposed to the thick film, resulting in a transverse bulk flow. However, the interfacial temperature gradients along both axial and transverse directions induce a separate thermocapillary flow in a direction opposite to the bulk flows, leading to complex “wavy” flows with recirculation. A qualitative analysis of the flow pattern is presented in this paper and correlated with optical signatures from experimental images.
利用国际空间站实验的约束汽泡数据研究相变诱导的马兰戈尼主导流型
液-气相变动力学模型通常隐含地假设界面处于平衡状态。对于远离热源的大平面界面,这种平衡假设是合理的,但当液体表面靠近固体壁面或界面有明显曲率时,这种平衡假设就失效了。在国际空间站(ISS)上进行的约束蒸汽泡(CVB)实验为探索这一普遍假设提供了独特的机会,也为相变驱动的流动物理提供了独特的数据和见解。CVB实验由一个部分充满戊烷的石英试管组成,这样在中心形成一个蒸汽泡。该装置在两端加热和冷却,导致同时蒸发和冷凝。利用来自NASA物理科学信息学(PSI)数据库的CVB数据,通过干涉图像分析重建了整个三维界面形状,并获得了气泡净热量输入的估计。利用重建的界面形状建立了一个纯液体CFD模型,该模型嵌入了定制的“活动表面”方法,该方法设置了可变的界面温度/相变通量边界条件。相变通量在轴向和横向上都有变化,导致沿液-汽界面的温度变化很小(~ 1 K),但可识别。靠近加热端(表示蒸发)的正相变通量逐渐减小,靠近冷却端(表示冷凝)变为负相变通量,导致液体从冷端向热端轴向大量流动。与厚膜相比,薄膜中也有更高的通量,导致横向散装流。然而,沿轴向和横向方向的界面温度梯度诱导了与体流相反方向的单独热毛细流动,导致复杂的“波状”再循环流动。本文对流型进行了定性分析,并与实验图像的光学特征相关联。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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