Assessment of sachet water quality in Kumasi, Ghana

Discover Water Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI:10.1007/s43832-023-00048-8

Nathaniel Owusu Boadi, Selina Ama Saah, Mercy Badu, Frimpomah Baa-Poku, Felix Odame, Patrick Opare Sakyi

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Abstract

Abstract This study assessed the physicochemical and microbiological quality of sachet drinking water samples in Kumasi, a major city in Ghana. Samples were collected from various sources within the city. Physicochemical properties, including pH, total dissolved solids, and concentrations of calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium ions, were analyzed following established protocols. Additionally, fluoride concentration was determined. The assessment criteria for water quality were based on the World Health Organization’s and the Ghana Standards Authority’s recommended standards for drinking water. The samples were also subjected to microbial analysis to detect the presence of E. coli and coliforms, and to evaluate microbial quality. The findings indicated that most physicochemical properties of the samples met the World Health Organization’s standards for safe drinking water, except for the slightly acidic pH. Total dissolved solids and the concentrations of calcium, sodium, potassium, fluoride and magnesium ions were within acceptable ranges. Strong positive correlations were observed among various physicochemical parameters of sachet water. However, microbial analysis revealed that 67% of the samples were contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms, including E. coli and coliforms, indicating poor microbiological quality. While sachet water samples generally meet physicochemical safety standards, addressing microbial quality is essential to ensure the safety of drinking water in Kumasi.

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加纳库马西的小袋水质评估

摘要:本研究对加纳主要城市库马西袋装饮用水样品的理化和微生物质量进行了评价。样本是从城市内的不同来源收集的。物理化学性质，包括pH值、总溶解固体、钙、钠、钾和镁离子浓度，按照既定方案进行分析。同时测定氟化物浓度。水质评估标准是根据世界卫生组织和加纳标准局推荐的饮用水标准制定的。样品还进行了微生物分析，以检测大肠杆菌和大肠菌群的存在，并评估微生物质量。调查结果表明，除ph值微酸性外，这些样品的大多数理化性质均符合世界卫生组织的安全饮用水标准。溶解固体总量以及钙、钠、钾、氟和镁离子浓度均在可接受范围内。包水各理化参数之间存在较强的正相关关系。然而，微生物分析显示，67%的样品被致病性微生物污染，包括大肠杆菌和大肠菌群，表明微生物质量较差。虽然小袋水样品通常符合物理化学安全标准，但解决微生物质量问题对于确保库马西饮用水的安全至关重要。

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来源期刊

Discover Water water research-

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： Discover Water is part of the Discover journal series committed to providing a streamlined submission process, rapid review and publication, and a high level of author service at every stage. It is an open access, community-focussed journal publishing research from across all fields relevant to water research. Discover Water is a broad, open access journal publishing research from across all fields relevant to the science and technology of water research and management. Discover Water covers not only research on water as a resource, for example for drinking, agriculture and sanitation, but also the impact of society on water, such as the effect of human activities on water availability and pollution. As such it looks at the overall role of water at a global level, including physical, chemical, biological, and ecological processes, and social, policy, and public health implications. It is also intended that articles published in Discover Water may help to support and accelerate United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6: ‘Clean water and sanitation’.