Fundamental Characteristics of Wind Loading on Vaulted-Free Roofs

IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
Wei Ding, Yasushi Uematsu, Lizhi Wen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The present paper investigates the fundamental characteristics of wind loading on vaulted (cylindrical) free roofs based on a wind tunnel experiment and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis using Large Eddy Simulation (LES). In the wind tunnel experiment, wind pressures at many points, both on the top and bottom surfaces of rigid roof models, were measured in a turbulent boundary layer. The wind tunnel models, including the tubing system installed in the roof and columns, were made using a 3D printer, which made the roof thickness as small as 2 mm, whereas the span B was 150 mm and the length L ranged from 150 to 450 mm. The rise-to-span ratio f/B ranged from 0.1 to 0.4. Pressure taps were installed along the center arc and an arc near the roof edge (verge) of an instrumented model with a length-to-span ratio of L/B = 1. The value of L/B of the tested models was changed from 1 to 3 using one or two dummy models, which had the same configuration as that of the instrumented model but no pressure taps. The wind direction θ was changed from 0° (perpendicular to the eaves) to ±90° (parallel to the eaves). The CFD simulation was carried out only for limited cases, that is, f/B = 0.1 and 0.4 and θ = 0° and 45°, considering the computational time. The effects of f/B, L/B, and θ on the mean (time-averaged) and fluctuating wind pressures acting on the roofs were investigated. In particular, the flow mechanism generating large wind forces on the roof was discussed. An empirical formula was provided for the distribution of mean wind force coefficients along the center arc (Line C) at θ = 0° and 30° and along the edge arc (Line E) at θ = 40° for each f/B ratio. Note that these wind directions provided the maximum and minimum mean wind force coefficients within all wind directions for Lines C and E. Furthermore, the maximum and minimum peak wind force coefficients on the two arcs were presented. The effect of turbulence intensity of approach flow on the maximum and minimum peak wind force coefficients was investigated. The experimental results were compared with those estimated using a peak factor approach, which showed a relatively good agreement between them. The data presented here can be used to guide the design of the main wind force-resisting systems and the cladding/components of vaulted-free roofs.
无拱顶风荷载的基本特性
本文通过风洞试验和大涡模拟(LES)计算流体力学(CFD)分析,研究了自由拱顶(圆柱)风荷载的基本特性。在风洞实验中,在紊流边界层中测量了刚性顶板模型上、下表面多个点的风压。风洞模型,包括安装在屋顶和柱子上的管道系统,是用3D打印机制作的,屋顶厚度只有2毫米,而跨度B为150毫米,长度L为150至450毫米。上升跨度比f/B在0.1到0.4之间。在仪器模型的圆弧中心和靠近顶板边缘(边缘)的圆弧处安装压力抽头,长跨比为L/B = 1。使用一个或两个虚拟模型,将测试模型的L/B值从1更改为3,虚拟模型与仪表模型配置相同,但没有压力水龙头。风向θ从0°(垂直于屋檐)变为±90°(平行于屋檐)。考虑到计算时间,仅对f/B = 0.1和0.4,θ = 0°和45°的有限情况进行CFD模拟。研究了f/B、L/B和θ对作用在屋顶上的平均(时间平均)风压和波动风压的影响。特别讨论了在屋顶上产生大风力的流动机理。给出了各f/B比下沿中心弧(C线)在θ = 0°和30°处以及沿边缘弧(E线)在θ = 40°处的平均风力系数分布的经验公式。请注意,这些风向提供了C线和e线所有风向内的最大和最小平均风力系数,并给出了两条弧线上的最大和最小峰值风力系数。研究了进近气流湍流强度对最大、最小峰值风速系数的影响。将实验结果与峰因子法的估计结果进行了比较,结果表明两者具有较好的一致性。这里提供的数据可用于指导主要抗风系统和无拱顶的包层/组件的设计。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Wind and Structures
Wind and Structures 工程技术-工程:土木
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
18.80%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The WIND AND STRUCTURES, An International Journal, aims at: - Major publication channel for research in the general area of wind and structural engineering, - Wider distribution at more affordable subscription rates; - Faster reviewing and publication for manuscripts submitted. The main theme of the Journal is the wind effects on structures. Areas covered by the journal include: Wind loads and structural response, Bluff-body aerodynamics, Computational method, Wind tunnel modeling, Local wind environment, Codes and regulations, Wind effects on large scale structures.
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