LES RESSOURCES EN EAU AU CAP BON: DES CONFLITS SOCIO-ENVIRONNEMENTAUX AUX VULNÉRABILITÉS ÉCOSYSTÉMIQUES

Abstract

Tunisia and, in particular, the eastern facade of Cap Bon has considered the integrated management of water and its resources as a challenge and an issue of great importance for human development and the sustainable management of its landscapes. This region has an essentially agricultural vocation but also has a strong tourist attraction thanks to its natural and cultural potential, the current economic context of the coastal towns of Cap Bon induces a rapid development in the demand for water. There is already a competition for water exploitation between the agricultural and tourist sectors. The demand for water is then brought to meet the needs of the tourist industry and those of the agricultural activity, without forgetting the industrial and domestic sector. Although agriculture is the main activity for the majority of the population, agricultural intensification threatens the sustainability of the water resource, as a means of production, both in terms of quality and in terms of quantity. and the threat as well, as natural wealth. We must therefore think about redefining the place of water through the differential management of water resources by considering them not only as a vital and economic resource but also as an environmental and landscape component of great importance. To do this and based on the documentary research and the various surveys carried out in the study area, this article aims to present the different water sources in Cap Bon, to focus on the multiple conflicts of use by different sectors (agriculture, industry, domestic use, etc.) and subsequently to explore what new forms of governance in the hydraulic field can be. The main objective is to plan the use, protection, conservation and sustainable and rational management of water resources according to the needs and priorities of communities, within the framework of national economic and environmental development policies