Sexual Dysfunction: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

Abstract

Healthy female sexual functioning is driven by sexual desire. Sexual desire, traditionally defined as sexual thoughts and fantasies, is a natural life force and an art form affecting all aspects of a woman’s interpersonal and professional life. Virtually, all diagnostic categories of female sexual dysfunction, including arousal disorder, anorgasmia, and sexual pain disorder are linked to, caused by, or aggravated by loss of sexual desire. Decreased sexual desire is a diagnosis (hypoactive sexual desire disorder, HSDD) with its own International Classification of Diseases code (F52.0).. Impact is often subtle. HSDD may express as seemingly unrelated emotional disturbances that degrade life quality in family relationships, in the workplace, or both. For some women, it is severely distracting. The diagnosis of HSDD is made when symptoms are sufficient to cause distress. In older women, HSDD is heavily impacted by menopause-associated withdrawal of reproductive hormones, particularly testosterone and estradiol. HSDD greatly improves with transdermal replacement of these steroids. Side effects of transdermal hormones are minimal but response can be gratifying. In premenopausal women, HSDD behaves more as a psychoendocrine disorder that is responsive in some patients to flibanserin, a nonhormonal 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Side effects of flibanserin are significant but manageable. This review contains 12 figures, 6 tables, and  references. Key Words: estradiol, flibanserin, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, menopause, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, sexual desire, sexuality, testosterone, transdermal, women