Within- and Between-Category Face Identity Discrimination: Association with Physical Facial Features

T. Ekstrom, S. Maher, D. Norton, Yue Chen
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Facial identity discrimination is crucial for success in the social world. Yet, how this task is accomplished remains incompletely understood. Face perception involves identifying members of same or different of social categories (such as gender and race). We know that differences in facial morphology are critical for discriminating individual faces. What is unclear, however, is whether the same mechanisms are used to discriminate identities when they are members of the same versus different social categories. To address this question, this study examined and compared perceptual performance on within- and between-category facial identity discrimination tasks and evaluated the relationship between the perceptual performances and physical features of face images used for discrimination. Face images from each of five pairs of individuals (two Asian females, two Caucasian females, two African males, one African male and one Caucasian male, or one Caucasian female and one Caucasian male) were morphed to create images along a continuum of facial dissimilarity. Using the original and created images, with psychophysical methods we measured perceptual thresholds for facial identity discrimination in a group of human observers (n=24). For each pair of original face images, the differences in six physical facial features (end-lip raise, mid-top-lip raise, mid-top-lip, mid-low-lip, eye-opening, mid-eyebrow raise and luminance) were also measured. Perceptual thresholds were the lowest (best performance) for the across-race condition, the second lowest for the across-gender condition and the highest for the three same-race and same-gender conditions. Two physical facial features, mid-top-lip raise and luminance, each accounted for a significant portion of perceptual performance (35% and 40%, respectively). These results indicate that between-category facial identity discrimination is more precise than within-category discrimination. Precise discrimination of facial identity is associated with selective physical facial features.
类别内和类别间的面部身份歧视:与面部物理特征的关联
面部识别对于在社会上取得成功至关重要。然而,这项任务是如何完成的仍不完全清楚。面部感知涉及识别相同或不同社会类别(如性别和种族)的成员。我们知道,面部形态的差异对于区分个体面孔至关重要。然而,尚不清楚的是,当他们是同一或不同社会类别的成员时,是否使用相同的机制来区分身份。为了解决这一问题,本研究考察和比较了类别内和类别间面部身份识别任务的感知表现,并评估了用于识别的面部图像的感知表现与物理特征之间的关系。研究人员对五对个体(两名亚洲女性,两名高加索女性,两名非洲男性,一名非洲男性和一名高加索男性,或一名高加索女性和一名高加索男性)的面部图像进行了变形,以形成面部差异连续体的图像。使用原始图像和创建的图像,我们用心理物理学方法测量了一组人类观察者(n=24)的面部身份识别感知阈值。对于每对原始面部图像,还测量了六种物理面部特征(唇尾抬高、上唇抬高、上唇抬高、下唇抬高、睁眼、眉中抬高和亮度)的差异。知觉阈值在跨种族条件下最低(最佳表现),在跨性别条件下第二低,在三种相同种族和同性条件下最高。两种面部特征,上唇中部隆起和亮度,分别占感知表现的重要部分(分别为35%和40%)。这些结果表明,类别间识别比类别内识别更精确。面部身份的精确识别与选择性的物理面部特征有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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