Urinary volatile recognition for COVID-19 diagnosis

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of urine samples of Covid-19 patients and healthy controls have been collected and analyzed with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and the actual version of the Tor Vergata electronic nose (E-Nose). This untargeted metabolic investigation leads to a set of 5 discriminative VOCs with 84.38%, 94.44%, 71.43% for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The E- Nose has sniffed Covid-19 subjects at 92.1 %, 100%, 85%, as the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity respectively.