Optimized Non-linear Multivariable Grey Model for Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Malaysia

Abstract

This paper analyses the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions with the energy consumption from the year 2005 to 2014 in Malaysia by introducing an optimized non-linear multivariable grey, NGM(1,N) model by establishing a power exponent term for its subsequent relevant factors. The aim of this research is to improve the existing NGM(1,N) model by solving the effect of non-linear properties which is able to correlate among the consequent factors based on the selection of power exponent optimization. This paper will also introduce the transformed NGM(1,N) known as TNGM(1,N) model that produces a more accurate result compared to NGM(1,N) model that prompted simulated output. The power exponent term value was determined using the generalized reduced gradient (GRG) method in Microsoft Excel Solver. It is proven that the TNGM(1,N) model performs the best and hence it serves as vital information for the government’s environmental-related agencies and policymakers to focus on the effort to promote green efficient technology to society at large by reducing the releases of carbon dioxide emissions to the environment.