The Ability of Ultra Wideband to Differentiate Between Hematoma and Tumor Occur in The Brain

Abstract

Undiagnosed intracranial injuries or tumors can result in lifelong brain damage, severe disability, or death. Intracranial hematomas and tumors must be diagnosed and treated promptly to improve patient outcomes. Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) detect cerebral bleeding and malignancies. This research aims to study the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) signals' ability to detect hematoma and tumors in the human head. The features of UWB are very vast/fast with very low power density; it gets its input in very narrow pulse ranges from 100ps to a few nanoseconds; consequently, due to the low power density, the tissues don't get ionized. The bandwidth is more than 20% of the center frequency or 500MHz. The average power spectral density should not exceed −41.3dBm/MHz frequency range used in medical applications should be between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. The head model is divided into seventeen different tissue types, which are: Cerebro-Spinal-Fluid (CSF), Grey matter (GM), Skin, Cerebellum, Bone, Fat, Dura, White matter (WM), Cartilage, Sclera, Tongue, Eye Lens, Vitreous Humor, Blood, Muscles, Spinal Cord (nerve), and Sinuses (air). Each layer in the model is assigned specific dielectric properties (at 3.1 to 9 GHz) according to the tissue types. This model is proposed to study the effect of internal bleeding and tumor of the brain on the characteristics of the reflected and transmitted ultra-wideband waves from the brain model; CST MICROWAVE STUDIO has designed the actual phantom head model.