Coerção externa como garantia dos direitos civis, segundo Kant

José Aparecido Pereira, Guilherme Augusto Riveline
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Abstract

EnglishIn this article we will deal with external coercion in Kantian thought, according to the political-legal duty that governs civil society. The question to be answered is: according to Kant, does the republican state, through external coercion resulting from legal laws, guarantee the rights of individuals within the scope of civil society? We intend to undertake an analysis of the relationship between the law and the individual through the coercion employed by the republican state. The methodological procedures adopted to carry out this research have a hermeneutic character, since it consists, especially, in the privileged reading, analysis and interpretation of Kant's main works on the doctrine of customs where the legal discussion is inserted, in a special way, Metaphysics of Customs, Perpetual Peace, Idea of a universal history from a cosmopolitan point of view, Lessons in Ethics, among others. Our text is structured in three parts, the first being the theoretical contextualization of the problem in Kantian theory and the last two as an answer to our question. Our research is justified by its timeliness because in contemporary societies governed by a republican constitution, both duties and rights are the subject of political struggle and legal regulation. Kant at the height of the German Enlightenment in the 18th century allows us to understand that the freedom of the citizen, which is limited by the legal law in civil society, is also ensured through them. portuguesNeste artigo trataremos da coercao externa no pensamento kantiano, segundo o dever politico- juridico que rege a sociedade civil. A questao a ser respondida e: segundo Kant, o Estado republicano, por meio da coercao externa que decorre das leis juridicas assegura os direitos dos individuos no âmbito da sociedade civil? Pretendemos empreender uma analise da relacao entre o Direito e o individuo por meio da coercao empregada pelo Estado republicano. Os procedimentos metodologicos adotados para a realizacao desta pesquisa tem um carater hermeneutico, ja que consiste, especialmente, na leitura, analise e interpretacao de forma privilegiada das principais obras de Kant acerca da doutrina dos costumes onde se insere a discussao juridica, de modo especial, a Metafisica dos Costumes, A paz perpetua, Ideia de um historia universal desde um ponto de vista cosmopolita, Licoes de Etica, entre outras. Nosso texto se estrutura em tres partes, sendo a primeira a contextualizacao teorica do problema na teoria kantiana e as duas ultimas como resposta a nossa questao. A nossa pesquisa se justifica por sua atualidade pois nas sociedades contemporâneas regidas por uma Constituicao republicana tanto os deveres quanto os direitos sao objeto de luta politica e de normatizacao juridica. Kant no auge do Iluminismo alemao no seculo XVIII nos possibilita a compreensao de que a liberdade do cidadao, que e limitada pela lei juridica na sociedade civil e assegurada tambem por meio das mesmas.
康德认为,外部胁迫是公民权利的保障
在本文中,我们将根据支配市民社会的政治-法律义务来探讨康德思想中的外部强制。要回答的问题是:根据康德的观点,共和国家是否通过法律产生的外部强制来保障公民社会范围内的个人权利?我们打算通过共和制国家所采用的强制手段来分析法律与个人之间的关系。进行这项研究所采用的方法论程序具有解释学的特点,因为它特别包括对康德关于习俗学说的主要著作的特权阅读、分析和解释,其中以一种特殊的方式插入了法律讨论,《习俗形而上学》、《永久和平》、《从世界主义的角度看世界历史的观念》、《伦理学课程》等。我们的文章由三部分组成,第一部分是康德理论中问题的理论语境化,后两部分是对我们问题的回答。我们的研究很及时,因为在由共和宪法统治的当代社会,义务和权利都是政治斗争和法律规制的主题。18世纪德国启蒙运动鼎盛时期的康德让我们认识到,公民在公民社会中受到法律限制的自由,也是通过它们得到保障的。葡萄牙国家贸易委员会(葡萄牙语:neste artigo trataremos)的对外贸易委员会(葡萄牙语:comoco)的对外贸易委员会(葡萄牙语:comoco),第二委员会(葡萄牙语:comoco)的政治司法委员会(葡萄牙语:politico-司法局)和公民社会委员会(葡萄牙语:sociade civil)。有一个问题是:第二,共和国,从法律上讲,从法律上讲,从法律上讲,从法律上讲,从法律上讲,从法律上讲,从法律上讲,从个人上讲,从社会上讲,从公民上讲。在此基础上,我们对数据关系进行了分析,并在此基础上对个人数据进行了分析。从方法论的角度来看,我们可以理解为,我们可以理解为,我们可以理解为,我们可以理解为,我们可以理解为,我们可以理解为,我们可以理解,我们可以理解为,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解,我们可以理解。从结构上看,文本是由三个方面构成的,从背景上看,文本是由问题构成的,文本是由问题构成的,而文本是由问题构成的。政治上和司法上的正常化都是不合理的,政治上和司法上的正常化都是不合理的,社会上和社会上都是不合理的。康德认为,“不可能有一种综合性的东西,即不可能有一种综合性的东西,即不可能有一种综合性的东西,即不可能有一种综合性的东西,即不可能有一种综合性的东西,即不可能有一种综合性的东西,即不可能有一种综合性的东西,即不可能有一种综合性的东西。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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