The Failure of Special and Differential Treatment in International Trade: An Indication for Future WTO Rules

Jianzhi Jin
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Abstract

The WTO is at stake nowadays. Developing and developed countries are criticizing each other for breaking the basis of world trade. Developed countries criticize developing countries for seizing most of the fruits of world trade; while developed countries criticize developing countries for unequally implementing the WTO rules. One of the core issues in the argument is about special and differential (S&D) treatment under WTO rules. S&D treatment exists because of the unbalance reality of economic development. However, S&D treatment does not function well in reducing the unbalancing gap for lacking the comprehensive understanding towards development. It is considered because market access and knowledge diffusion are not emphasized as much as possible under WTO rules. Firstly, that S&D treatment is too vague to be applied is one of the reasons. The other reason is that the application of compulsory licensing and technical transfer is too limited, failing to diffuse the knowledge. Therefore, corresponding improvement can be made.
特殊与差别待遇在国际贸易中的失败:对未来WTO规则的启示
世贸组织现在岌岌可危。发展中国家和发达国家相互指责对方破坏了世界贸易的基础。发达国家批评发展中国家攫取了世界贸易的大部分成果;而发达国家则批评发展中国家不平等地执行世贸组织规则。争论的核心问题之一是世贸组织规则下的特殊和差别待遇。不公平待遇的存在是由于经济发展的不平衡现实。然而,由于缺乏对发展的全面认识,s&p;D方法并不能很好地缩小不平衡差距。这是因为在WTO规则下,市场准入和知识扩散并没有得到尽可能多的强调。首先,标准普尔(s&p;D)处理方法过于模糊而无法适用是原因之一。另一个原因是强制许可和技术转让的应用过于有限,未能传播知识。因此,可以进行相应的改进。
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