3-D analysis of the compact cellular phone antennas

Abstract

Compact adaptive volume-resonant antennas with beam-steering capability can be employed in wireless applications. The described antennas can radiate the energy in a desired direction within a certain range of angles by changing the amplitudes and phases of feeding currents of the dipoles printed on the dielectric substrate with a conductive back surface. The improved efficiency entails a lower RF exposure of the user for equal power emitted compared to conventional cellular phone antennas. The 3-D method of integrated auxiliary sources is employed to study the performance of the presented antenna.