Normal Pituitary Gland Size and Morphology and Its Variations Related To Age and Gender: An MRI Evaluation

A. Jha, N. Paudel, Sabin Nepal, Rajesh Nayak
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Abstract

Introduction: The pituitary gland is regarded as the master endocrine gland of the body. Subtle alterations in the size can cause significant changes to other endocrine glands and hormonal status. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the investigation of choice to examine pituitary gland. It is important to know the range of normal size and variations according to age and gender to enable radiologists to suggest what might be an abnormal pituitary gland. Aims: This study aims to examine normal size, volume and shape of pituitary gland and to establish a normal reference value for pituitary size in different age groups and genders. Methods: MRI Brain of 137 patients were studied retrospectively and patients with endocrinal abnormalities were excluded from the study. Images were acquired in General Electronics 1.5 Tesla MRI machine and mid-sagittal T1WI and coronal T2WI were selected for accurate measurement of the gland. Height, AP diameter, Transverse diameter, and volume were calculated for each individual and the collected data was categorized based on age and sex for analysis. Pearson’s correlation test was done to establish a relation between age and volume of the gland and a p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Our study included 137 patients (57 males, 80 females) with age ranging from 3 to 86 years. The study was divided into six age groups. Mean pituitary height, AP diameter, transverse diameter and volume of the gland were 6mm, 8.9mm, 12.3 mm, and 354.5 mm3 respectively. The gland observed a gradual increase in size up to the third decade and was more pronounced in the female population. A steady decline in the size of the gland was noted after 30 years for both populations. Conclusion: Good understanding of the normal size and shape of pituitary gland and its variation with age and gender is a must for every radiologist to compare with an abnormal increase in size.
正常垂体大小和形态及其与年龄和性别相关的变化:MRI评估
简介:脑垂体被认为是人体的主内分泌腺。大小的细微变化会引起其他内分泌腺体和激素状态的显著变化。磁共振成像(MRI)是检查脑垂体的首选方法。了解正常大小的范围和根据年龄和性别的变化是很重要的,这使放射科医生能够建议什么可能是垂体异常。目的:本研究旨在探讨垂体的正常大小、体积和形态,建立不同年龄和性别垂体大小的正常参考值。方法:对137例患者进行脑MRI回顾性研究,排除内分泌异常患者。在General Electronics 1.5 Tesla核磁共振机上获取图像,选择正中矢状面T1WI和冠状面T2WI对腺体进行精确测量。计算每个个体的高度、AP直径、横向直径和体积,并根据年龄和性别对收集到的数据进行分类分析。采用Pearson相关检验建立年龄与乳腺体积的关系,p值<0.05为显著性。结果:我们的研究纳入137例患者(男性57例,女性80例),年龄从3岁到86岁不等。这项研究分为六个年龄组。平均垂体高6mm, AP直径8.9mm,横径12.3 mm,体积354.5 mm3。到第三个十年,腺体的大小逐渐增加,在女性人群中更为明显。30年后,两个种群的腺体大小都在稳步下降。结论:了解垂体的正常大小和形状及其随年龄和性别的变化是每一位放射科医生与异常大小增加进行比较的必要条件。
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