An efficient distributed synchronization method for TD/CDMA based Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

D. Vaman, A. Ashok
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Abstract

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) and Sensor Networks have no fixed infrastructures such as Base Stations and Towers, and have limited bandwidth across the network elements. They use multi-hop radio communications to deliver multi-service (voice, data, and video) information. Each network element can either send a packet or receive a packet but not both. Therefore, synchronization between radios must be achieved for every packet scheduling time with minimal amount of time to ensure QoS provisioning. This paper presents a novel distributed synchronization scheme for radio communication in a TD/CDMA based MANET and Sensor Networks. The scheme is designed using a first order Digital Phase locked loop (DPLL) which performs the ‘local locking’ at each receiver radio in a cluster of radios. The method exploits the clock drifts in each local clock of a radio with reference to which the local stored clocks are phase adjusted within the loop of the DPLL. A parameter called ‘phase adjustment index’ represented by ‘N’- an integer; is defined and is used as the scaling value of the local clock frequency. Analytical results have been shown to yield an effectively reduced size of overhead when compared to the overhead sizes dedicated for synchronization purpose in IEEE 802.11. The results have been verified by simulation in MATLAB.
一种基于TD/CDMA的移动自组网高效分布式同步方法
移动自组织网络(MANET)和传感器网络没有固定的基础设施,如基站和发射塔,并且跨网络元素的带宽有限。它们使用多跳无线电通信来传送多业务(语音、数据和视频)信息。每个网元可以发送或接收数据包,但不能同时发送或接收数据包。因此,必须在每个分组调度时间内以最少的时间实现无线电之间的同步,以确保QoS的提供。本文提出了一种基于TD/CDMA的无线通信分布式同步方案。该方案采用一阶数字锁相环(DPLL)设计,该环对无线电集群中的每个接收无线电执行“本地锁定”。该方法利用无线电的每个本地时钟中的时钟漂移,在DPLL环路内参考本地存储时钟进行相位调整。一个被称为“相位调整指数”的参数,用整数“N”表示;定义并用作本地时钟频率的缩放值。分析结果表明,与IEEE 802.11中用于同步目的的开销大小相比,可以有效地减少开销大小。仿真结果在MATLAB中得到了验证。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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