Socrates and Satyagraha in South Africa: A Critical Study of M.K. Gandhi’s Translation of Plato’s Apology

Nidhi J. Makwana
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Abstract

M.K. Gandhi published a translation of Plato’s Apology in Gujarati as Ek Satyavir ni Katha in his self-edited newspaper Indian Opinion in six instalments. The last instalment was published on 9 May 1908 (CWMG vol.8: 217). This translation played a vital part in Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in South Africa. Gandhi’s translation is ideologically loaded and provides counter-texts that both challenged imperial domination and provided themes and forms for the development of postcolonial debates and new senses of identity. In addition to his politics, Gandhi encounters several issues as a translator, especially with cultural equivalents, translating rhetoric speech and references to Greek culture, society and gods. This paper compares target and source texts and also explores the impact of this translation on the Gujarati community in South Africa and on Gandhi. Keywords: Gandhi, Socrates, Passive Resistance, Translation Studies, Paratext, Refraction.
苏格拉底与南非的Satyagraha:甘地翻译柏拉图的《自辩》的批判性研究
甘地(M.K. Gandhi)在自己编辑的报纸《印度意见》(Indian Opinion)上分六期出版了柏拉图的古吉拉特语《自辩》(Apology)译本,名为Ek Satyavir ni Katha。最后一期于1908年5月9日出版(CWMG第8卷:217)。这个翻译在甘地在南非的第一次Satyagraha中发挥了至关重要的作用。甘地的翻译充满了意识形态,并提供了反文本,既挑战了帝国统治,又为后殖民辩论和新认同感的发展提供了主题和形式。除了他的政治,甘地作为一名翻译遇到了几个问题,特别是文化等价物,翻译修辞演讲和参考希腊文化,社会和神。本文比较了目标文本和源文本,并探讨了这一翻译对南非古吉拉特社区和甘地的影响。关键词:甘地,苏格拉底,被动抵抗,翻译研究,意文,折射
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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