Evaluation of Dietary Intake and Exercise in the Elderly According to Hand Grip Strength

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of chronic disease is increased by sarcopenia, which is change in body composition induced by aging resulting in loss of muscle mass and increase in fat mass. The purpose of this study was to identify any difference between dietary habits, patterns of snacking, and exercise between elderly subjects with normal and abnormal hand grip strength. Methods: A cross sectional study of 135 elderly members from a senior welfare center was carried out and data were collected through interviews by using a structured questionnaire which included factors such as education level, BMI, dietary habit, pattern of snacking, and exercise associated with hand grip strength. The subjects were classified into abnormal and normal groups based on hand grip strength. Results: The results showed significant differences in education level, age, and BMI among the two groups. Subjects among the normal hand grip strength group showed greater frequency in food intake and snacking than in the abnormal group. They also showed, although not statistically significant, higher intake of food and snacks containing calcium, vitamin D-rich dairy, legumes, and eggs while they scored lower in resistance exercise. Conclusion: The results indicate that in order to increase muscle strength in the elderly, it is necessary to prevent being underweight by proper dietary habit, and exercise.