History of Central Asian tortoise Agrionemys horsfieldii (Testudinidae, Reptilia) harvesting in Uzbekistan, and its population impact

D. Bondarenko
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Abstract

The harvesting of the Central Asian tortoise has been a longstanding practice in Uzbekistan. Throughout the 1930s–1950s, this species was harvested to feed farm livestock and shepherd dogs, and during the World War II, tortoise meat was used to provide additional nutrition to the people. The 1960s marked the start of commercial trade in tortoises. The annual volumes of legal harvesting of wild tortoises started to grow in the late 1990s, and reached 85 thousand specimens per year by 2017. The size of the populations at regular harvesting locations has dropped, and their gender and age composition has changed. The CITES export quota for tortoises bred in captivity was increased in 2018–2019 without valid justification, although small breeding centers have no capacity to breed the manifested quantities of animals. Consequently, Uzbekistan currently exports ranched individuals as well as young wild tortoises, mis-declared as bred in captivity. The export of Central Asian tortoises from Uzbekistan should be suspended temporarily until an expert assessment of the situation is made, and penalties for poaching these animals should be made more severe.
乌兹别克斯坦中亚陆龟采收史及其种群影响
在乌兹别克斯坦,采集中亚陆龟是一种长期存在的做法。在整个20世纪30年代至50年代,这个物种被收获来喂养农场牲畜和牧羊犬,在第二次世界大战期间,乌龟肉被用来为人们提供额外的营养。20世纪60年代标志着陆龟商业贸易的开始。上世纪90年代末,野生陆龟的合法采伐量开始增长,到2017年达到每年8.5万只。常规采伐地点的种群数量下降,性别和年龄构成也发生了变化。2018-2019年,CITES在没有正当理由的情况下增加了圈养陆龟的出口配额,尽管小型繁殖中心没有能力繁殖所显示的数量。因此,乌兹别克斯坦目前出口圈养的个体和年幼的野生象龟,这些象龟被错误地申报为圈养的。在专家对情况作出评估之前,应暂时停止从乌兹别克斯坦出口中亚象龟,并对偷猎这些动物的行为采取更严厉的惩罚措施。
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