A rewriting-based forwards semantics for Maude-NPA

Santiago Escobar, C. Meadows, J. Meseguer, Sonia Santiago
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

The Maude-NRL Protocol Analyzer (Maude-NPA) is a tool for reasoning about the security of cryptographic protocols in which the cryptosystems satisfy different equational properties. It tries to find secrecy or authentication attacks by searching backwards from an insecure attack state pattern that may contain logical variables, in such a way that logical variables become properly instantiated in order to find an initial state. The execution mechanism for this logical reachability is narrowing modulo an equational theory. Although Maude-NPA also possesses a forwards semantics naturally derivable from the backwards semantics, it is not suitable for state space exploration or protocol simulation. In this paper we define an executable forwards semantics for Maude-NPA, instead of its usual backwards one, and restrict it to the case of concrete states, that is, to terms without logical variables. This case corresponds to standard rewriting modulo an equational theory. We prove soundness and completeness of the backwards narrowing-based semantics with respect to the rewriting-based forwards semantics. We show its effectiveness as an analysis method that complements the backwards analysis with new prototyping, simulation, and explicit-state model checking features by providing some experimental results.
Maude-NPA的基于重写的转发语义
Maude-NRL协议分析器(Maude-NPA)是对满足不同等式性质的密码协议的安全性进行推理的工具。它试图通过从可能包含逻辑变量的不安全攻击状态模式中向后搜索来查找保密或身份验证攻击,从而使逻辑变量得到适当的实例化,以便查找初始状态。这种逻辑可达性的执行机制是缩模方程理论。尽管Maude-NPA也具有从向后语义自然衍生的向前语义,但它不适合状态空间探索或协议仿真。在本文中,我们为Maude-NPA定义了一个可执行的正向语义,而不是通常的向后语义,并将其限制在具体状态的情况下,即没有逻辑变量的项。这种情况对应于标准重写模方程理论。相对于基于改写的前向语义,我们证明了后向窄带语义的完备性。通过提供一些实验结果,我们证明了它作为一种分析方法的有效性,它补充了向后分析与新的原型,仿真和显式状态模型检查特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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