New Bank and Transportation Stock Indexes from 1793 to 1871, with Comparisons Across Region and Sector, and Against Prior Indexes

Edward F. Mcquarrie
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Good data on US stock market returns before the advent of the Cowles’ (1939) dataset in 1871 have been scarce. Small samples and an inability to observe dividends render current estimates suspect. I report total return for a much larger sample of stocks before 1871 than heretofore seen. I observe prices and dividends for all the large banks trading in the markets of Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Virginia, where past research had been confined mostly to banks headquartered in New York. I also observe prices and dividends for all the large turnpikes, canals, and railroads that traded in this period. In both cases I find significant survivorship bias in prior compilations. Banks that went bust or went to the wall in the Panics of 1819 and 1837 have been ignored. Early transportation firms that soared on speculation and then collapsed without ever paying a dividend have also been omitted from the record. Likewise, the dividend cuts and omissions characteristic of hard times have been overlooked. Net of correcting these survivorship biases, in the period before the Civil War I find significantly lower stock market returns than reported in Siegel (2014). I likewise find bonds out-performing stocks during this period. The paper concludes with a discussion of why stocks should have performed poorly, and bonds well, under the distinctive macroeconomic conditions that prevailed before the Civil War. [This paper has been updated by later work. See revision notes that follow this abstract.]
新银行和运输股票指数从1793年至1871年,跨地区和行业的比较,并与先前的指数
在1871年考尔斯(1939)数据集问世之前,关于美国股市回报率的可靠数据一直很少。小样本和无法观察股息使得当前的估计令人怀疑。我报告的是1871年以前的股票样本的总回报,比以前看到的要大得多。我观察在波士顿、费城、巴尔的摩和弗吉尼亚市场交易的所有大型银行的股价和股息,过去的研究主要局限于总部设在纽约的银行。我还观察了在这一时期交易的所有大型收费公路、运河和铁路的价格和股息。在这两种情况下,我在先前的汇编中发现了显著的生存偏差。在1819年和1837年的恐慌中破产或破产的银行一直被忽视。早期的运输公司在投机中飙升,然后在没有支付股息的情况下倒闭,这些公司也被排除在记录之外。同样,困难时期的股息削减和遗漏也被忽视了。在纠正这些生存偏差后,我发现内战前的股票市场回报率明显低于Siegel(2014)的报告。我同样发现,在此期间,债券的表现优于股票。本文最后讨论了为什么在内战前盛行的独特宏观经济条件下,股票应该表现不佳,而债券应该表现良好。这篇论文已被后来的工作更新了。参见本摘要后面的修订说明。]
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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