Advanced illumination techniques for GPU volume raycasting

M. Hadwiger, P. Ljung, C. Rezk-Salama, T. Ropinski
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引用次数: 100

Abstract

Volume raycasting techniques are important for both visual arts and visualization. They allow an efficient generation of visual effects and the visualization of scientific data obtained by tomography or numerical simulation. Thanks to their flexibility, experts agree that GPU-based raycasting is the state-of-the art technique for interactive volume rendering. It will most likely replace existing slice-based techniques in the near future. Volume rendering techniques are also effective for the direct rendering of implicit surfaces used for soft body animation and constructive solid geometry. The lecture starts off with an in-depth introduction to the concepts behind GPU-based ray-casting to provide a common base for the following parts. The focus of this course is on advanced illumination techniques which approximate the physically-based light transport more convincingly. Such techniques include interactive implementation of soft and hard shadows, ambient occlusion and simple Monte-Carlo based approaches to global illumination including translucency and scattering. With the proposed techniques, users are able to interactively create convincing images from volumetric data whose visual quality goes far beyond traditional approaches. The optical properties in participating media are defined using the phase function. Many approximations to the physically based light transport applied for rendering natural phenomena such as clouds or smoke assume a rather homogenous phase function model. For rendering volumetric scans on the other hand different phase function models are required to account for both surface-like structures and fuzzy boundaries in the data. Using volume rendering techniques, artists who create medical visualization for science magazines may now work on tomographic scans directly, without the necessity to fall back to creating polygonal models of anatomical structures.
高级照明技术的GPU体积光线投射
体射线投射技术对视觉艺术和可视化都很重要。它们允许有效地生成视觉效果和通过断层扫描或数值模拟获得的科学数据的可视化。由于它们的灵活性,专家们一致认为基于gpu的光线投射是最先进的交互式体渲染技术。在不久的将来,它很可能取代现有的基于切片的技术。体绘制技术对于直接绘制用于软体动画和构造实体几何的隐式表面也是有效的。讲座开始,深入介绍了基于gpu的光线投射背后的概念,为以下部分提供了一个共同的基础。本课程的重点是先进的照明技术,它更有说服力地近似于基于物理的光传输。这些技术包括软硬阴影的交互式实现,环境遮挡和简单的基于蒙特卡罗的全局照明方法,包括半透明和散射。使用所提出的技术,用户能够交互式地从体积数据中创建令人信服的图像,其视觉质量远远超过传统方法。参与介质的光学性质是用相位函数定义的。许多近似的基于物理的光传输用于渲染自然现象,如云或烟,假设一个相当均匀的相函数模型。另一方面,对于绘制体积扫描,需要不同的相函数模型来考虑数据中的类表面结构和模糊边界。使用体绘制技术,为科学杂志创建医学可视化的艺术家现在可以直接使用层析扫描,而不必退回到创建解剖结构的多边形模型。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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