Den uhelbredeligt hjemløse kinesiske dagbogsfiktion

Børge Sørensen
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Abstract

This article examines the disease motif in Lu Xun’s “Diary of a Madman” (1918) and in Ding Ling’s “Miss Sophia’s Diary” (1928) in their historical and medical contexts. At its most fundamental, the contemporaneous Chinese conception of health was thermodynamic, vesting the utmost importance in the circulation of energies and substances. This conception had immense social importance because it provided part of the ideological scaffolding for the family structure. Inside the family, established responsibilities and hierarchies purportedly served to guide this circulation in ways supportive of health, and the same considerations charged family members with maintaining strict scrutiny of the family’s barriers against any potentially illness-inducing influences that might penetrate the family fortress. Written at a time when political, social, and scientific verities were crumbling in China, these diaries record the foibles and concerns of two diseased individuals who stand alienated from their families and their immediate surroundings. By focusing on this alienation, as well as on the shared interests of the diarists in boundary crossing flows and anthropophagy, this article suggests that these short stories can profitably be read as explorations of the anxieties facing this generation of young Chinese as they sought to make a world for themselves independently of their families. What these stories dramatize is that leaving the family behind might have medical ramifications in addition to social and financial costs. In the current covid-19 context, we may not need reminding that ideas about disease and health relate in important ways to how we think of the relationship between families, boundaries, and vulnerability. 
无家可归的中国日记小说
本文从历史和医学的角度考察了鲁迅的《狂人日记》(1918)和丁玲的《索菲亚小姐日记》(1928)中的疾病主题。从根本上说,同时期中国人的健康观念是热力学的,赋予能量和物质的循环以最重要的意义。这种观念具有巨大的社会重要性,因为它为家庭结构提供了部分意识形态框架。在家庭内部,既定的责任和等级制度据称以支持健康的方式指导这种循环,同样的考虑要求家庭成员严格审查家庭的障碍,防止任何可能渗入家庭堡垒的潜在疾病影响。这些日记写于中国政治、社会和科学真理崩溃的时代,记录了两个与家人和周围环境疏远的病人的弱点和担忧。通过关注这种异化,以及日记作者在跨界流动和食人癖方面的共同兴趣,这篇文章表明,这些短篇小说可以作为探索这一代中国年轻人在寻求独立于家庭之外为自己创造一个世界时所面临的焦虑的有益阅读。这些故事戏剧性地表明,除了社会和经济成本之外,离开家庭可能还会产生医疗后果。在当前的covid-19背景下,我们可能不需要提醒,关于疾病和健康的观念在重要方面与我们如何看待家庭、边界和脆弱性之间的关系有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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