The Variation of Wearable and Implanted Antennas' Performance due to Body Temperature

Abstract

Wearable and implanted antennas are of interest for various applications. Most previous studies do not consider the effect of body temperature on the antenna's performance, though tissue dielectric properties are temperature-dependent, and typical human tissue temperature is between 32 °C to 37 °C. In this study, we used the ANSYS HFSS and ANSYS Icepak simulation tool to study the effect of tissue temperature on the performance of a set of antennas placed on the skin layer and implanted inside the muscle tissue. The antennas were designed to work around 1.3 GHz for an ambient temperature of 25 °C. By considering the temperature change from a human body we observed a 9.2%, and 9.0% shift in the center frequency for the implanted and external antennas, respectively.