Optoelectronics

Abstract

The Source (Infrared-Emitting Diodes) Basic Theory Introduction P-N Junction Injection Electroluminescence Relative Efficiency Light-Emitting Diode Fabrication Introduction: Epitaxial Growth Liquid-Phase Epitaxy Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Hydride Vapor-Phase Epitaxy Molecular Beam Epitaxy IRLED Packaging Introduction Techniques for Improving Photon Emission Efficiency Packaging the IrLed Characterization of the Packaged IrLed Understanding Thermal Impedance Understanding the Measurement of Radiant Energy Reliability Conclusion The Receiver (Silicon Photosensor) The Photodiode Basic Theory Optimization Characterization The Phototransistor and Photodarlington Basic Theory Characterization The Photointegrated Circuit Basic Theory IC Processing Steps Other IC Devices Characterization Special-Function Photointegrated Circuits Basic Theory Triac Driver Photosensors Synchronous Driver Detector (SDD) Color Sensor The Coupled Emitter (IRLED) Photosensor Pair The Transmissive Optical Switch Slotted (Transmissive) Optical Switch Encoder Wheel Design Performance Characteristics Flag Switches Slotted Switch Summary The Reflective Optical Switch Electrical Considerations Mechanical Considerations The Optical Isolator and Solid-State Relay Electrical Considerations Background Function Different Types Introduction to Solid-State Relays (SSR) Theory of Operation DC InputDC Output SSR Operation DC InputAC Output SSR Operation AC InputAC Output SSR Operation Temperature Considerations Overvoltage and Overcurrent Surge Protection Zero Voltage Crossover Conclusion Mechanical and Thermal Considerations Mechanical Considerations Managing Junction Temperature of High-Power Light-Emitting Diodes Open Air and Fiber-Optic Communication Fiber-Optic Communication Basics Advantages Wireless Communication Basic Theory Background IR Applications Pulse Operation The IrLed The Photosensor Driving a Light-Emitting Device Introduction Variables Linear Operation Interfacing to the Photosensor The Photodiode The Phototransistor and Photodarlington The Photointegrated Circuit Computer Peripheral and Business Equipment Applications Copiers and Printers Keyboards and Mice Touch Screens Data Interface Check/Card Reader Optical Couplers/Isolators Industrial Applications Safety-Related Optical Sensors Hazardous Fluid Sensing Security and Surveillance Systems Mechanical Aids, Robotics Miscellaneous Optical Sensors Optical Couplers/Isolators Automotive Applications Existing Applications Military Applications Military Applications for Optical Sensors Consumer Applications TV and Game Controls CD and DVD Discs Dollar Bill Changers Coin Changers Smoke Detectors Slot Machines Camera Applications Optical Golf Games Household Appliance Controls Medical Applications Introduction Pill-Counting Systems Electrical Isolation Systems Infusion Pump Application Hemodialysis Equipment Application Fluid and Bubble Sensing for Medical Applications Intravenous Drop Monitor Pulse Rate Detection Telecommunications Telecommunications Overview Visible and Ultraviolet Technologies Visible-Light-Emitting Diodes (VLEDs) Introduction What Is an LED? Generating Light Optical, Thermal, and Electrical Measurements Laboratory Testing Reliability Applications Ultraviolet Electromagnetic Radiation Overview The UV Spectrum Fluorescent Lamp Types of UV Lamps UV Lamp Aging RoHS and WEEE Concerns for UV Lamps Failure Modes in UV Gas Discharge Lamps Overview of UV Applications Germicidal Effects of UV Light Bibliography Glossary Index