360° Switched Beam SIW Horn Arrays at 60 GHz, Phase Centers, and Friis Equation

Abstract

The link model of switched beam horn arrays at 60 GHz based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology with 360° angular coverage is presented. Each array has eight identical printed horn elements. The elements are oriented 45° relative to one another and can be individually excited to produce eight endfire beams in the horizontal plane. The over-the-air (OTA) transmission coefficients are measured and simulated between two arrays, in the line-of-sight (LoS) and non-LoS (NLoS) directions. The phase centers (PCs) of the excited elements are determined from post-processing optimization of simulated far-fields and incorporated in the Friis equation to accurately model the transmission.