Mental practice of lingual resistance and cortical plasticity in older adults: An exploratory fNIRS study

Erin Kamarunas, Sarah H Szynkiewicz, Lindsay Griffin, Teresa Drulia, Kelsey Murray
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Abstract

Purpose: Mental practice using motor imagery (MP) improves motor strength and coordination in the upper and lower extremities in clinical patient populations. Its effectiveness as a rehabilitation tool for patients with lingual weakness is not yet well understood, nor are the underlying mechanisms within the context of swallow or lingual MP. Using previously published data on a lingual and MP exercise program, the objective of this study was to explore how MP of lingual exercise affects cortical activation in healthy older adults over time and how neural changes correlate with functional oral pressure outcomes. Method: A prospective randomized controlled study was previously completed; older healthy participants were randomized to one of four treatment groups receiving lingual MP, lingual physical practice, a combination of both, and a sham control. This paper reports descriptive data on cortical activation during both the physical and mental forms of lingual resistance in a subgroup of 13 participants using functional near-infrared spectroscopy at baseline and after 6 weeks of the assigned exercise regimen. Results: Aggregated data indicates that participants who completed 6 weeks of lingual exercise, either in physical or in MP form, had decreased oxygenated hemoglobin when completing a maximal lingual pressure task. Conclusions: Some participants in a lingual resistance MP program demonstrated trends similar to those seen after strength training. Combining MP with physical training may lead to greater changes in oxygenation compared to a physical or mental training program alone, although given the small number of participants, it is important not to overinterpret the results. MP is a promising, innovative approach that may enhance traditional exercise-based swallowing rehabilitation.
老年人舌阻力和皮层可塑性的心理练习:一项探索性近红外研究
目的:运用运动想象(MP)的心理练习可以改善临床患者上肢和下肢的运动力量和协调性。它作为舌无力患者康复工具的有效性尚不清楚,吞咽或舌MP的潜在机制也不清楚。利用先前发表的关于舌和上颌部运动项目的数据,本研究的目的是探索舌上颌部运动如何随着时间的推移影响健康老年人的皮层激活,以及神经变化如何与功能性口腔压力结果相关。方法:已完成前瞻性随机对照研究;年龄较大的健康参与者被随机分配到四个治疗组中的一个,分别接受语言MP、语言物理练习、两者结合和假对照。本文报告了13名参与者在身体和精神形式的舌阻力时皮质激活的描述性数据,使用功能近红外光谱在基线和指定运动方案6周后。结果:综合数据表明,完成6周舌部运动的参与者,无论是体力锻炼还是MP锻炼,在完成最大舌压力任务时,氧合血红蛋白都有所下降。结论:一些参加语言阻力MP项目的参与者表现出与力量训练后相似的趋势。与单独的身体或精神训练计划相比,将MP与体育训练相结合可能会导致氧合的更大变化,尽管考虑到参与者人数较少,重要的是不要过度解释结果。MP是一种很有前途的创新方法,可以增强传统的基于运动的吞咽康复。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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