The Role Of Vitamin D In Periodontal And Peri-Implant Health

Abstract

The study of rickets led to the discovery of vitamin D, which is a fat-soluble steroid hormone, whose precursor is converted into active metabolites in the skin when subjects to ultraviolet light. Few foods are rich in vitamin D, with sensible exposure to sunlight being the main natural source for the production of this vitamin. Vitamin D is carried by vitamin D-Binding Protein (DBP) in the circulation and binds to host cells through the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). Several diseases and conditions have been linked to vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, including periodontal disease. Vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent worldwide. It negatively impacts bone growth and metabolism, and multiple aspects of the immune response, mainly through the regulation of anti-microbial peptides such as Cathelicidin and β-defensins. Low vitamin D levels have been linked to increased gingival inflammation, periodontal destruction, alveolar bone loss, and tooth loss. It can also its autocrine, paracrine Autoimmune 2