Synchronic Variation and Diachronic Evolution of Tone Patterns in Kunming Dialect

Yutong Kuang
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Abstract

An acoustic experiment was conducted to analyze the tonal patterns of single characters in the Kunming dialect. The experimental results show that the Kunming dialect has a semi-high flat tone for the first tone, a low descending tone for the second tone, a high descending tone for the third tone, and a low tone for the fourth tone. The first and third tones are both high, while the second and fourth are both low tones, as opposed to the tonal patterns of "flat" and "low". The newer Kunming dialects show variation. The first tone starts and ends at a higher level, the third tone's bent section disappears, and the fourth tone starts and ends at a lower level, with a shorter tone duration. The variation in tone pattern starts in the middle-aged group in the old urban, and the degree of variation is female > male, old urban > old suburban, and the youth and middle-aged group > senior group, respectively. The female tone pattern has more similar vocal tone characteristics to those in the middle-aged and youth groups.
昆明方言声调模式的共时变化与历时演变
通过声学实验分析了昆明方言单字的声调模式。实验结果表明,昆明话第一声调为半高平调,第二声调为低降调,第三声调为高降调,第四声调为低降调。第一个音和第三个音都是高音,而第二个音和第四个音都是低音,与“平”和“低”的音调模式相反。较新的昆明方言表现出变化。第一个音在较高的水平开始和结束,第三个音的弯曲部分消失,第四个音在较低的水平开始和结束,音调持续时间较短。声调格局的变化从老城区中年组开始,变化程度分别为女性>男性、老城区>老郊区、中青年组>老年组。女性的声调模式与中青年群体的声调特征更为相似。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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