A Framework for Improving the Verifiability of Visual Notation Design Grounded in the Physics of Notations

Abstract

This paper proposes a systematic framework for applying the Physics of Notations (PoN), a theory for the design of cognitively effective visual notations. The PoN consists of nine principles, but not all principles lend themselves equally to a clear and unambiguous operationalization. As a result, many visual notations designed according to the PoN apply it in different ways. The proposed framework guides what information is required of a reported PoN application to ensure that the application of each principle is verifiable. The framework utilizes an evidence-driven design rationale model to structure information needed to assess principles requiring user involvement or cognitive theories. This approach aims to reduce ambiguity in some of the principles by making design choices explicit, and highlighting the level of evidence presented to support it. We demonstrate the proposed framework in a showcase of a recently published visual notation which has been designed with the PoN in mind.