Demand response capability of V2G based electric vehicles in distribution networks

Abstract

To address the problem of environment pollution caused by conventional automobile exhaust, electric vehicle (EV) technology has been further studied in academic area and practiced in industrial applications. As one of the most promising techniques, V2G (vehicle to grid) has made system planning and operation much more challengeable, while a proper allocation and control of EVs could benefit the whole electric networks. In this paper, a novel charging and discharging strategy of EV based on time of use price is presented to achieve effective demand response in residential distribution networks. In order to ensure the normal usage and economic benefits of EV, constraints are established based on both the state of charge (SOC) of vehicles and the equivalent discharging rate, and then the optimal interaction behavior of integrated EV is determined according to the system operation states. Verifications are implemented based on the probabilistic modeling and simulation of typical distribution networks, and results show that the proposed strategy enables EV to achieve both peak shaving and electricity bill saving. Considering the proposed approach is utilized through the index of time of use price, it is capable of integrating EV charging and discharging operation into demand response management.